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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Japanese|Japanese]]  → [[Language/Japanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Interjections → Prepositions and Postpositions</div>
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<div class="pg_page_title">Japanese Grammar → Prepositions and Interjections → Prepositions and Postpositions</div>
== Introduction ==


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In this lesson, we will delve into the fascinating world of prepositions and postpositions in the Japanese language. Prepositions and postpositions are essential elements of sentence structure that indicate the relationship between words, phrases, and clauses. Understanding their usage and differences from European languages is crucial for mastering Japanese grammar. Throughout this lesson, we will explore various examples and cultural insights to enhance your comprehension and provide you with a solid foundation in this aspect of the Japanese language.


Japanese has a complex system of particles, including prepositions and postpositions, which are used to indicate the relationship between words in a sentence. In this lesson, we will focus on prepositions and postpositions, and how they differ from their counterparts in European languages.
== Prepositions and Postpositions ==


=== Definition and Usage ===


<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] & [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Feminine-女性|Feminine 女性]].</span>
Prepositions and postpositions are particles in the Japanese language that serve a similar purpose to those found in European languages. However, there are some key differences in their usage and placement. Prepositions typically come before the noun or noun phrase they modify, while postpositions come after. It's important to note that the distinction between prepositions and postpositions is not always clear-cut in Japanese, as some particles can function as both depending on the context.
== Prepositions vs. Postpositions ==


Unlike in English, where prepositions always come before the noun they modify, Japanese prepositions (also known as particles) come after the noun. Postpositions, on the other hand, come before the noun they modify. This means that the grammatical function of a word in Japanese can change depending on the particle that follows it.
=== Common Prepositions and Postpositions ===


For example, the word "in" can be expressed in Japanese using two different particles: に (ni) and で (de). When "in" refers to a place, に is used: 部屋に (heya ni) "in the room". When "in" refers to an action or situation, で is used: 仕事で (shigoto de) "in/at work".
Let's take a look at some common prepositions and postpositions in Japanese, along with their usage and examples:


== Common Prepositions and Postpositions ==
==== から (kara) ====


Here are some of the most common prepositions and postpositions in Japanese:
The preposition から (kara) is used to indicate the starting point or origin of an action or movement. It can also be used to express the reason or cause behind something. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| に || ni || at, to, in (for location)
| 東京から || Tōkyō kara || From Tokyo
|-
|-
| で || de || at, in, on (for location, action or means)
| 木村さんからの手紙 || Kimura-san kara no tegami || A letter from Mr. Kimura
|-
|-
| から || kara || from
| 明日から || Ashita kara || From tomorrow
|}
 
==== まで (made) ====
 
The postposition まで (made) is used to indicate the endpoint or destination of an action or movement. It can also be used to express the extent or limit of something. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| へ || e || to
| 学校まで || Gakkō made || To school
|-
|-
| まで || made || until, as far as
| 日本まで || Nihon made || To Japan
|-
|-
| の || no || of, 's (possessive)
| ５時まで || Go-ji made || Until 5 o'clock
|}
 
==== の間に (no aida ni) ====
 
The postposition の間に (no aida ni) is used to indicate the period of time during which an action takes place. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Japanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| を || o || (direct object marker)
| 仕事の間に || Shigoto no aida ni || During work
|-
|-
| より || yori || than
| 昼休みの間に || Hiruyasumi no aida ni || During lunch break
|-
|-
| と || to || with, and
| 旅行の間に || Ryokō no aida ni || During the trip
|-
| からの || kara no || from (as a modifier)
|}
|}


You will encounter these prepositions and postpositions in many everyday situations, whether you are travelling, shopping, or having a conversation with someone.
=== Cultural Insights ===
 
Japanese culture places great importance on maintaining harmony and preserving relationships. This cultural value is reflected in the language, including the use of prepositions and postpositions. Japanese speakers often choose their words and expressions carefully to convey their intentions and emotions while respecting the feelings of others. Understanding the cultural context can greatly enhance your communication skills in Japanese.
 
In addition, regional variations in the usage and understanding of prepositions and postpositions can be observed throughout Japan. For example, the particle で (de) can be used in the Kansai dialect to indicate the starting point of an action, similar to the preposition から (kara) in standard Japanese. It's fascinating to explore these regional nuances and learn from the diversity within the Japanese language.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now, let's apply what we have learned through some practice exercises. Choose the correct particle to complete each sentence:
 
1. タクシー __ 東京駅 __ 乗ります。
(Takushī __ Tōkyō-eki __ norimasu.)
A. から (kara)
B. まで (made)
C. の間に (no aida ni)
 
2. １０月 __ １２月 __ 旅行します。
(10-gatsu __ 12-gatsu __ ryokō shimasu.)
A. から (kara)
B. まで (made)
C. の間に (no aida ni)


== Tips for Using Prepositions and Postpositions ==
3. 日本 __ カナダ __ 飛行機で行きます。
(Nihon __ Kanada __ hikōki de ikimasu.)
A. から (kara)
B. まで (made)
C. の間に (no aida ni)


Here are some tips to keep in mind when using prepositions and postpositions in Japanese:
Solutions:
1. A
2. B
3. A


* Unlike in English, prepositions and postpositions in Japanese can be combined with other particles, modifying the meaning of the sentence even further. For example, the particle combination からの (kara no) means "from (as a modifier)" as in 日本からの季節食材 (Nihon kara no kisetsu shokuzai) "seasonal ingredients from Japan".
Explanation:
* Many prepositions and postpositions in Japanese have several meanings depending on the context. For example, the particle で (de) can mean "at, in, on" depending on the situation. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the context in which a particle is used to understand its meaning.
1. タクシーから東京駅まで乗ります。
* Some prepositions and postpositions have similar meanings but are used in different situations. For example, while both から (kara) and ので (node) can be used to indicate the reason or cause of something, their usage varies depending on the formality of the situation. から (kara) is more formal, while ので (node) is more casual.
(Takushī kara Tōkyō-eki made norimasu.)
* Some prepositions and postpositions in Japanese have no direct equivalent in English, so it's important to learn their individual meanings and usage. For example, the particle と (to) is often used to indicate the person or thing with whom/which you are doing something.
"We will take a taxi from Tokyo Station."


== Conclusion ==
2. １０月から１２月まで旅行します。
(10-gatsu kara 12-gatsu made ryokō shimasu.)
"We will travel from October to December."


In this lesson, we have learned about prepositions and postpositions in Japanese, including their usage and differences from European languages. Remember that practice is the key to improving your understanding and mastery of these particles. By paying close attention to the context in which they are used, you will be able to use prepositions and postpositions more fluently and naturally in your Japanese conversations and writing.
3. 日本からカナダへ飛行機で行きます。
(Nihon kara Kanada e hikōki de ikimasu.)
"We will go from Japan to Canada by plane."


<span class='maj'></span>
=== Conclusion ===
==Sources==
* [https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/prepositions prepositions in Japanese - Grammar - Kanshudo]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles Japanese particles - Wikipedia]


Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on prepositions and postpositions in Japanese. You now have a solid understanding of their usage and differences from European languages. Remember to practice using them in context to further enhance your language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore the topic of emphasis and intensification using interjections and adverbs. Keep up the great work!


<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] & [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Negation|Negation]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Japanese Grammar: Prepositions and Postpositions | Learn Japanese Online
|title=Japanese Grammar → Prepositions and Interjections → Prepositions and Postpositions
|keywords=Japanese, Grammar, Prepositions, Postpositions, Online, Lesson
|keywords=Japanese grammar, prepositions in Japanese, postpositions in Japanese, how to use prepositions in Japanese, how to use postpositions in Japanese
|description=Learn about the prepositions and postpositions in Japanese, and their usage and differences from European languages. Improve your Japanese fluency with interesting facts!
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the prepositions and postpositions in the Japanese language, and their usage and differences from European languages.
}}
}}


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[[Category:Japanese-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Sources==
* [https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/prepositions prepositions in Japanese - Grammar - Kanshudo]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles Japanese particles - Wikipedia]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Particle-は-and-が|Particle は and が]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Particle-は-and-が|Particle は and が]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Japanese/Culture/Natural-Disasters-and-Risk-Prevention|◀️ Natural Disasters and Risk Prevention — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Japanese/Grammar/Emphasis-and-Intensification|Next Lesson — Emphasis and Intensification ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 02:22, 18 June 2023

◀️ Natural Disasters and Risk Prevention — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Emphasis and Intensification ▶️

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Japanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Interjections → Prepositions and Postpositions

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the fascinating world of prepositions and postpositions in the Japanese language. Prepositions and postpositions are essential elements of sentence structure that indicate the relationship between words, phrases, and clauses. Understanding their usage and differences from European languages is crucial for mastering Japanese grammar. Throughout this lesson, we will explore various examples and cultural insights to enhance your comprehension and provide you with a solid foundation in this aspect of the Japanese language.

Prepositions and Postpositions[edit | edit source]

Definition and Usage[edit | edit source]

Prepositions and postpositions are particles in the Japanese language that serve a similar purpose to those found in European languages. However, there are some key differences in their usage and placement. Prepositions typically come before the noun or noun phrase they modify, while postpositions come after. It's important to note that the distinction between prepositions and postpositions is not always clear-cut in Japanese, as some particles can function as both depending on the context.

Common Prepositions and Postpositions[edit | edit source]

Let's take a look at some common prepositions and postpositions in Japanese, along with their usage and examples:

から (kara)[edit | edit source]

The preposition から (kara) is used to indicate the starting point or origin of an action or movement. It can also be used to express the reason or cause behind something. Here are some examples:

Japanese Pronunciation English
東京から Tōkyō kara From Tokyo
木村さんからの手紙 Kimura-san kara no tegami A letter from Mr. Kimura
明日から Ashita kara From tomorrow

まで (made)[edit | edit source]

The postposition まで (made) is used to indicate the endpoint or destination of an action or movement. It can also be used to express the extent or limit of something. Here are some examples:

Japanese Pronunciation English
学校まで Gakkō made To school
日本まで Nihon made To Japan
５時まで Go-ji made Until 5 o'clock

の間に (no aida ni)[edit | edit source]

The postposition の間に (no aida ni) is used to indicate the period of time during which an action takes place. Here are some examples:

Japanese Pronunciation English
仕事の間に Shigoto no aida ni During work
昼休みの間に Hiruyasumi no aida ni During lunch break
旅行の間に Ryokō no aida ni During the trip

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Japanese culture places great importance on maintaining harmony and preserving relationships. This cultural value is reflected in the language, including the use of prepositions and postpositions. Japanese speakers often choose their words and expressions carefully to convey their intentions and emotions while respecting the feelings of others. Understanding the cultural context can greatly enhance your communication skills in Japanese.

In addition, regional variations in the usage and understanding of prepositions and postpositions can be observed throughout Japan. For example, the particle で (de) can be used in the Kansai dialect to indicate the starting point of an action, similar to the preposition から (kara) in standard Japanese. It's fascinating to explore these regional nuances and learn from the diversity within the Japanese language.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's apply what we have learned through some practice exercises. Choose the correct particle to complete each sentence:

1. タクシー __ 東京駅 __ 乗ります。 (Takushī __ Tōkyō-eki __ norimasu.) A. から (kara) B. まで (made) C. の間に (no aida ni)

2. １０月 __ １２月 __ 旅行します。 (10-gatsu __ 12-gatsu __ ryokō shimasu.) A. から (kara) B. まで (made) C. の間に (no aida ni)

3. 日本 __ カナダ __ 飛行機で行きます。 (Nihon __ Kanada __ hikōki de ikimasu.) A. から (kara) B. まで (made) C. の間に (no aida ni)

Solutions: 1. A 2. B 3. A

Explanation: 1. タクシーから東京駅まで乗ります。 (Takushī kara Tōkyō-eki made norimasu.) "We will take a taxi from Tokyo Station."

2. １０月から１２月まで旅行します。 (10-gatsu kara 12-gatsu made ryokō shimasu.) "We will travel from October to December."

3. 日本からカナダへ飛行機で行きます。 (Nihon kara Kanada e hikōki de ikimasu.) "We will go from Japan to Canada by plane."

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on prepositions and postpositions in Japanese. You now have a solid understanding of their usage and differences from European languages. Remember to practice using them in context to further enhance your language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore the topic of emphasis and intensification using interjections and adverbs. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Japanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Hiragana Basics


Greetings and Introductions


Geography and History


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Social Relations


Religion and Philosophy


Particles and Conjunctions


Travel and Tourism


Education and Science


Prepositions and Interjections


Arts and Media


Politics and Society


Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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