Difference between revisions of "Language/Russian/Grammar/Adjective-Agreement"

Latest revision as of 18:32, 16 June 2023

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Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adjective Agreement

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will learn about adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and they must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. Understanding adjective agreement is crucial for building correct and meaningful sentences in Russian. So let's dive into the fascinating world of adjective agreement!

Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns are classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they modify. Let's take a look at how adjective agreement works for each gender.

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

When modifying masculine nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the masculine form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
большой дом	bol'shoy dom	big house
красивый мужчина	krasivyy muzhchina	handsome man
новый автомобиль	novyy avtomobil'	new car

As you can see, the adjectives "большой" (big), "красивый" (handsome), and "новый" (new) agree with the masculine nouns they modify.

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

When modifying feminine nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the feminine form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
красивая женщина	krasivaya zhenshchina	beautiful woman
интересная книга	interesnaya kniga	interesting book
высокая девушка	vysokaya devushka	tall girl

The adjectives "красивая" (beautiful), "интересная" (interesting), and "высокая" (tall) agree with the feminine nouns they modify.

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

When modifying neuter nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the neuter form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
большое окно	bol'shoye okno	big window
холодное пиво	kholodnoye pivo	cold beer
новое платье	novoye plat'ye	new dress

The adjectives "большое" (big), "холодное" (cold), and "новое" (new) agree with the neuter nouns they modify.

Number Agreement[edit | edit source]

In addition to gender agreement, adjectives in Russian must also agree with the number of the noun they modify. Let's explore how number agreement works for adjectives.

Singular Nouns[edit | edit source]

When modifying singular nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the singular form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
большой стол	bol'shoy stol	big table
красивая роза	krasivaya roza	beautiful rose
новый компьютер	novyy komp'yuter	new computer

As you can see, the adjectives "большой" (big), "красивая" (beautiful), and "новый" (new) agree with the singular nouns they modify.

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

When modifying plural nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the plural form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
большие столы	bol'shiye stoly	big tables
красивые розы	krasivyye rozy	beautiful roses
новые компьютеры	novyye komp'yutery	new computers

The adjectives "большие" (big), "красивые" (beautiful), and "новые" (new) agree with the plural nouns they modify.

Case Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns and adjectives change their form depending on the case they are in. Adjectives must agree with the case of the noun they modify. Let's explore how case agreement works for adjectives.

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. When modifying nouns in the nominative case, adjectives must take on the same form as the noun. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
красивый город	krasivyy gorod	beautiful city
старая книга	staraya kniga	old book
любимый фильм	lyubimyy film	favorite movie

As you can see, the adjectives "красивый" (beautiful), "старая" (old), and "любимый" (favorite) agree with the nominative case of the nouns they modify.

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. When modifying nouns in the accusative case, adjectives must take on a different form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
красивый город	krasivyy gorod	beautiful city
старую книгу	staruyu knigu	old book
любимый фильм	lyubimyy film	favorite movie

The adjectives "красивый" (beautiful), "старую" (old), and "любимый" (favorite) agree with the accusative case of the nouns they modify.

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to express the absence of something. When modifying nouns in the genitive case, adjectives must take on a different form. Here are some examples:

Russian	Pronunciation	English
красивого города	krasivogo goroda	beautiful city
старой книги	staroy knigi	old book
любимого фильма	lyubimogo fil'ma	favorite movie

The adjectives "красивого" (beautiful), "старой" (old), and "любимого" (favorite) agree with the genitive case of the nouns they modify.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned about adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. We explored how adjectives change their form based on the gender, number, and case of the nouns they modify. Remember to pay attention to the gender, number, and case of the nouns in order to use adjectives correctly in Russian sentences.

Now that you have a good understanding of adjective agreement, you are ready to move on to the next lesson: "Comparatives and Superlatives". Keep up the great work and continue improving your Russian skills!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Basic Phrases and Greetings

Nouns and Gender

Numbers and Time

Cases and Prepositions

Family and Relationships

Verbs and Conjugation

Food and Dining

Russian Traditions and Holidays

Travel and Transportation

Adjectives and Adverbs

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

Russian Literature and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

Adjective Agreement in Russian (Nominative) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Adjectives after два/две, три, четыре in Russian - YouTube[edit | edit source]

An Introduction to Short Adjectives in Russian - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Prepositional case in Russian: endings of adjectives | Russian ...[edit | edit source]

Cases of Adjectives | Russian Language - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Travel Phrases — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️

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+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Travel-Phrases|◀️ Travel Phrases — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Russian-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adjective Agreement</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Russian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I know that mastering the grammar of any language can be challenging. In this lesson, we will dive into the topic of adjective agreement in Russian. Understanding how to make adjectives agree with the nouns they modify is a crucial step towards becoming fluent in the language. So let's get started!
+== Introduction ==
-== Adjective Agreement ==
+In this lesson, we will learn about adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and they must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. Understanding adjective agreement is crucial for building correct and meaningful sentences in Russian. So let's dive into the fascinating world of adjective agreement!
-When using adjectives in Russian, it's important to remember that they must agree with the nouns they describe in terms of gender, number, and case. This means that the ending of the adjective will change depending on the noun it modifies.
+== Gender Agreement ==
-In Russian, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each of these genders has specific endings for singular and plural forms. Additionally, there are six cases in Russian, and the adjective must agree with the noun in whatever case it is in.
+In Russian, nouns are classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they modify. Let's take a look at how adjective agreement works for each gender.
-Let's take a look at some examples:
+=== Masculine Nouns ===
+When modifying masculine nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the masculine form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| красивый мальчик || krah-SEE-vyî MAHL'-chik || handsome boy
+| большой дом || bol'shoy dom || big house
 |-
-| красивая девушка || krah-SEE-vuh-ya DYE-vush-ka || beautiful girl
+| красивый мужчина || krasivyy muzhchina || handsome man
 |-
-| красивое здание || krah-SEE-vuh-ye ZDA-nee-ye || pretty building
+| новый автомобиль || novyy avtomobil' || new car
 |}
-In the examples above, you can see that the adjective "красивый" (krasivyy - beautiful) changes endings to match the gender and number of the nouns it modifies. In the first example, "мальчик" (mal'chik - boy) is masculine singular, so the adjective ends in "-ый" (iy). In the second example, "девушка" (devushka - girl) is feminine singular, so the adjective ends in "-ая" (aya). In the third example, "здание" (zdanie - building) is neuter singular, so the adjective ends in "-ое" (oye).
+As you can see, the adjectives "большой" (big), "красивый" (handsome), and "новый" (new) agree with the masculine nouns they modify.
-Now, let's look at how adjectives agree with plural nouns:
+=== Feminine Nouns ===
+When modifying feminine nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the feminine form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| красивые мальчики || krah-SEE-vyî MYAHL'-chi-kee || handsome boys
+| красивая женщина || krasivaya zhenshchina || beautiful woman
 |-
-| красивые девушки || krah-SEE-vyî DYE-vush-kee || beautiful girls
+| интересная книга || interesnaya kniga || interesting book
 |-
-| красивые здания || krah-SEE-vyî ZDA-nee-ya || pretty buildings
+| высокая девушка || vysokaya devushka || tall girl
 |}
-In the plural forms above, you can see that "красивый" (krasivyy - beautiful) changes to "красивые" (krasivye) to match plural nouns, regardless of their gender.
+The adjectives "красивая" (beautiful), "интересная" (interesting), and "высокая" (tall) agree with the feminine nouns they modify.
+=== Neuter Nouns ===
+When modifying neuter nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the neuter form. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| большое окно || bol'shoye okno || big window
+|-
+| холодное пиво || kholodnoye pivo || cold beer
+|-
+| новое платье || novoye plat'ye || new dress
+|}
-Let's take a look at some example sentences to see how it all comes together:
+The adjectives "большое" (big), "холодное" (cold), and "новое" (new) agree with the neuter nouns they modify.
-* Моя красивая мама готовит вкусный обед. (Moya krasivaya mama gotovit vkusnyy obed.) - My beautiful mom is cooking a delicious lunch.
+== Number Agreement ==
-* Я вижу большую зеленую траву. (Ya vizhu bol'shuyu zelenuyu travu.) - I see a big green grass.
-* Это старое, но уютное здание. (Eto staroye, no uyutnoye zdanie.) - This is an old, but cozy building.
-In each of the above examples, you can see that the adjectives agree with the gender, case, and number of the nouns they modify.
+In addition to gender agreement, adjectives in Russian must also agree with the number of the noun they modify. Let's explore how number agreement works for adjectives.
-== Irregular Endings ==
+=== Singular Nouns ===
-Like any rule in grammar, there are exceptions to adjective agreement. Some adjectives have irregular endings that do not follow the usual pattern. Here are a few examples:
+When modifying singular nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the singular form. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| хороший || kha-RA-shiy || good
+| большой стол || bol'shoy stol || big table
 |-
-| плохой || PLO-hoy || bad
+| красивая роза || krasivaya roza || beautiful rose
 |-
-| большой || BAL'-shoy || big
+| новый компьютер || novyy komp'yuter || new computer
 |}
-As you can see, the above adjectives do not follow the usual pattern for each gender and number. For example, "хороший" (kharoshyy - good) does not end with "-ый" (iy), "-ая" (aya), or "-ое" (oye). Instead, its endings change depending on the case and gender of the noun it modifies.
+As you can see, the adjectives "большой" (big), "красивая" (beautiful), and "новый" (new) agree with the singular nouns they modify.
-Learning the irregular endings will take some practice, but they follow their own patterns and can become easier to recognize over time.
+=== Plural Nouns ===
-== Exceptions ==
+When modifying plural nouns with adjectives, the adjectives must take on the plural form. Here are some examples:
-There are a few exceptions to the rules of adjective agreement in Russian. One of these is the usage of the genitive case after negation. When "нет" (net - not) or "не" (ne - not) is used to negate a noun, the adjective that describes it must be in the genitive case singular, regardless of the gender of the noun.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| большие столы || bol'shiye stoly || big tables
+|-
+| красивые розы || krasivyye rozy || beautiful roses
+|-
+| новые компьютеры || novyye komp'yutery || new computers
+|}
-For example:
+The adjectives "большие" (big), "красивые" (beautiful), and "новые" (new) agree with the plural nouns they modify.
-* Нет хорошей музыки. (Net khoroshey muzyki.) - There's no good music.
+== Case Agreement ==
-* Я не вижу большого здания. (Ya ne vizhu bol'shogo zdaniya.) - I don't see a big building.
-In the above examples, you can see that the adjectives "хорошей" (khoroshey) and "большого" (bol'shogo) are in the genitive case singular, even though they refer to feminine and neuter nouns, respectively.
+In Russian, nouns and adjectives change their form depending on the case they are in. Adjectives must agree with the case of the noun they modify. Let's explore how case agreement works for adjectives.
-== Conclusion ==
+=== Nominative Case ===
-Adjective agreement can be confusing, but with enough practice and exposure to the language, it can become easier to understand. Remember that adjectives must agree with the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify, except in cases of irregular endings and certain exceptions such as negation.
+The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. When modifying nouns in the nominative case, adjectives must take on the same form as the noun. Here are some examples:
-I hope this lesson has helped you to better understand adjective agreement in Russian. Keep practicing and you'll see your language skills improve in no time!
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| красивый город || krasivyy gorod || beautiful city
+|-
+| старая книга || staraya kniga || old book
+|-
+| любимый фильм || lyubimyy film || favorite movie
+|}
+As you can see, the adjectives "красивый" (beautiful), "старая" (old), and "любимый" (favorite) agree with the nominative case of the nouns they modify.
+=== Accusative Case ===
+The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. When modifying nouns in the accusative case, adjectives must take on a different form. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| красивый город || krasivyy gorod || beautiful city
+|-
+| старую книгу || staruyu knigu || old book
+|-
+| любимый фильм || lyubimyy film || favorite movie
+|}
+The adjectives "красивый" (beautiful), "старую" (old), and "любимый" (favorite) agree with the accusative case of the nouns they modify.
+=== Genitive Case ===
+The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to express the absence of something. When modifying nouns in the genitive case, adjectives must take on a different form. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| красивого города || krasivogo goroda || beautiful city
+|-
+| старой книги || staroy knigi || old book
+|-
+| любимого фильма || lyubimogo fil'ma || favorite movie
+|}
+The adjectives "красивого" (beautiful), "старой" (old), and "любимого" (favorite) agree with the genitive case of the nouns they modify.
+== Summary ==
+In this lesson, we have learned about adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. We explored how adjectives change their form based on the gender, number, and case of the nouns they modify. Remember to pay attention to the gender, number, and case of the nouns in order to use adjectives correctly in Russian sentences.
+Now that you have a good understanding of adjective agreement, you are ready to move on to the next lesson: "Comparatives and Superlatives". Keep up the great work and continue improving your Russian skills!
 {{#seo:
 |title=Russian Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adjective Agreement
-|keywords=Russian adjectives, Russian grammar, Russian language, Russian language course, adjective agreement in Russian
+|keywords=russian grammar, adjectives, adverbs, adjective agreement, russian language, russian course, complete russian course
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn the rules and exceptions of Russian adjective agreement. We'll cover gender, number, and case, as well as irregular endings and exceptions. Improve your Russian language skills today!
+|description=Learn how to make adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case in this comprehensive lesson on Russian grammar.
 }}
@@ Line 97: / Line 175: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 120: / Line 195: @@
-==Related Lessons==
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.russiantutoring.com/post/russian-grammar-what-is-noun-adjective-agreement Russian Grammar: What is Noun-Adjective Agreement?]
+* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives Russian/Grammar/Adjectives - Wikibooks, open books for an open ...]
+* [http://masterrussian.com/aa040801a.shtml Russian Adjectives]
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
 * [[Language/Russian/Grammar/The-verb-to-have|The verb to have]]
@@ Line 133: / Line 216: @@
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://www.russiantutoring.com/post/russian-grammar-what-is-noun-adjective-agreement Russian Grammar: What is Noun-Adjective Agreement?]
-* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives Russian/Grammar/Adjectives - Wikibooks, open books for an open ...]
-* [http://masterrussian.com/aa040801a.shtml Russian Adjectives]
 {{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Travel-Phrases|◀️ Travel Phrases — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Next Lesson — Comparatives and Superlatives ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>