Difference between revisions of "Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Present-Tense"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Pronouns:-Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Pronouns: Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Verbs: Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Serbian-Page-Top}}
{{Serbian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Serbian|Serbian]]  → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Present Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Serbian Grammar → Introduction to Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Present Tense</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Serbian language teacher with 20 years of teaching experience, I am delighted to introduce you to the present tense in Serbian verbs. This lesson is intended for complete beginners who are enrolled in the "Complete 0 to A1 Serbian Course". By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form basic sentences using the present tense and express yourself in everyday situations. Are you ready to dive in? Let's get started!
== Introduction ==
 
In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of Serbian verbs and explore the present tense. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they express actions, states, and events. Understanding how to use verbs in the present tense is crucial for effective communication in Serbian.
 
The present tense is used to describe actions or states that are happening right now or are ongoing. It is a fundamental concept in Serbian grammar, and mastering it will allow you to express yourself fluently in everyday conversations.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Serbian verbs. We will provide detailed explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to reinforce your understanding. Additionally, we will delve into the rich Serbian culture and highlight interesting facts related to the topic.


== Basic Concepts ==
So let's jump right in and discover the beauty of the present tense in Serbian verbs!
The present tense is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking, habitual or repeated actions, and general truths. In Serbian, there are two types of verbs, "aorist" and "imperfect" which have a different behavior in the present tense.


"Imperfect" includes the second perfective and imperfective verbs which behave equally, but can be recognized in present tense by the vowel E.
== Overview of the Present Tense ==


"Aorist" includes the first group of perfective verbs.
The present tense in Serbian is used to describe actions, states, or events that are happening in the present moment or are ongoing. It is formed by conjugating the verb according to the subject of the sentence.


The present tense has the following endings in Serbian:
In Serbian, verbs are divided into three conjugation groups based on their infinitive endings: -iti, -ati, and -eti. Each group has its own conjugation pattern in the present tense, which we will explore in detail.


For verbs ending in -ati:
== Conjugation of -iti Verbs ==
* Ja -am
* Ti -aš
* On/Ona/Ono -a
* Mi -amo
* Vi -ate
* Oni/One/Ona -aju


Example of the verb "govoriti" (to speak)
Verbs ending in -iti belong to the first conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -iti verbs in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Govorim  || /ɡǒʋorim/ || I speak
| Raditi || /rǎːditi/ || to work
|-
|-
| Govoriš  || /ɡǒʋoriʃ/ || You speak
| Gledati || /ɡlěːdati/ || to watch
|-
|-
| Govori  || /ɡǒʋori/ || He/she/it speaks
| Piti || /pǐːti/ || to drink
|-
| Govorimo || /ɡǒʋorimo/|| We speak
|-
| Govorite || /ɡǒʋorite/|| You speak (plural)
|-
| Govore  || /ɡǒʋore/  || They speak
|}
|}


== Irregular Verbs ==
As you can see from the examples above, the endings of -iti verbs in the present tense are -im, -iš, -i, -imo, -ite, and -e. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "raditi" (to work):
Unfortunately, there are many irregular verbs in Serbian. The good news is that most of them fall into a few groups, which makes them easier to memorize.


Here are some examples of irregular verbs that you should pay attention to:
* Ja radim - I work
* Ti radiš - You work
* On/ona/ono radi - He/she/it works
* Mi radimo - We work
* Vi radite - You work (plural/formal)
* Oni/one/ona rade - They work
 
It is important to note that in Serbian, verbs are conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, not the object. Therefore, the verb form changes depending on who is performing the action.
 
== Conjugation of -ati Verbs ==
 
Verbs ending in -ati belong to the second conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -ati verbs in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ja ~~sam~~ || /ja sam/ || I am
| Govoriti || /ɡǒʋoriti/ || to speak
|-
|-
| Ti ~~si~~ || /ti si/ || You are
| Putovati || /pǔtoʋati/ || to travel
|-
|-
| On/Ona/Ono ~~je~~ || /on/ona/ono je/ || He/she/it is
| Radovati se || /radoʋati sɛ/ || to be happy
|-
| Mi ~~smo~~ || /mi smo/ || We are
|-
| Vi ~~ste~~ || /vi ste/ || You are (plural)
|-
| Oni/One/Ona ~~su~~ || /oni/one/ona su/ || They are
|-
| Ćutim || /tʃûtîm/|| I am silent
|-
| Dajem || /dajêm/ || I give
|-
| Znam || /Ʒnam/ || I know
|-
| Hoću || /hoću/|| I want
|-
| Moram || /môram/ || I must
|}
|}


== Usage ==
The endings of -ati verbs in the present tense are -am, -aš, -a, -amo, -ate, and -aju. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "govoriti" (to speak):
In order to make a sentence in Serbian using the present tense, you should take the infinitive form of the verb, remove the "-ti" ending, and add the appropriate tense ending as shown above.


* Ja ~~govorim~~ srpski. - I speak Serbian.
* Ja govorim - I speak
* Ti ~~pišeš~~ pismo. - You write a letter.
* Ti govoriš - You speak
* Ona ~~zna~~ francuski jezik. - She knows French.
* On/ona/ono govori - He/she/it speaks
* Mi ~~pomažemo~~ prijateljima. - We help our friends.
* Mi govorimo - We speak
* Vi ~~razumete~~ našu situaciju. - You understand our situation.
* Vi govorite - You speak (plural/formal)
* Oni ~~vole~~ sport. - They love sports.
* Oni/one/ona govore - They speak


== Exceptions ==
In the case of reflexive verbs like "radovati se" (to be happy), the reflexive pronoun "se" is added after the verb, but the conjugation pattern remains the same.
There are a few exceptions to the rules and they require a little extra attention.


Verbs ending in -ći
== Conjugation of -eti Verbs ==
This group of verbs is a bit tricky, as they have a slight change in the stem in some persons. In the third person singular (On/Ona/Ono), the stem change happens as follows:
 
Verbs ending in -eti belong to the third conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -eti verbs in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Hvatam  || /hvǎtam/ || I catch
| Učiti || /ǔtʃiti/ || to learn
|-
|-
| Hvataš  || /hvǎtaʃ/ || You catch
| Leteti || /lɛtɛti/ || to fly
|-
|-
| Hvata    || /hvǎtaj/ || He/she/it catches
| Pevati || /pɛʋati/ || to sing
|-
| Hvatamo || /hvǎtamo/|| We catch
|-
| Hvatate || /hvǎtate/|| You catch (plural)
|-
| Hvataju  || /hvǎtaʝʊ/ || They catch
|}
|}


Verbs ending in -jeti or -sti
The endings of -eti verbs in the present tense are -em, -eš, -e, -emo, -ete, and -u. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "učiti" (to learn):
This group of verbs has ometimes an E in the stem. In such cases, the E stays even in other forms of the verb.
 
* Ja učim - I learn
* Ti učiš - You learn
* On/ona/ono uči - He/she/it learns
* Mi učimo - We learn
* Vi učite - You learn (plural/formal)
* Oni/one/ona uče - They learn
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
In Serbian culture, the present tense is extensively used in everyday conversations. It allows speakers to express their thoughts, actions, and experiences in the present moment. Whether describing daily routines, expressing opinions, or sharing personal stories, the present tense plays a vital role in communication.
 
Serbia, located at the crossroads of Southeast Europe, has a rich cultural heritage shaped by various influences throughout history. The Serbian language reflects this diversity, as it incorporates elements from Slavic, Ottoman Turkish, and various other languages. The present tense, as a fundamental aspect of Serbian grammar, embodies the language's versatility and adaptability to different cultural contexts.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Serbian verbs. Try to complete the exercises on your own before checking the solutions provided.
 
Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense:
 
1. Hvaliti (to praise)
2. Čekati (to wait)
3. Plivati (to swim)
4. Učiti (to study)
 
Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense:
 
1. Ja __________ (pevati) u horu.
2. Oni __________ (putovati) u Beograd svake nedelje.
3. Ti __________ (raditi) veoma naporno.
4. Ona __________ (govoriti) pet jezika.
 
Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Serbian using the present tense:
 
1. I am reading a book.
2. We are watching a movie.
3. They are speaking Serbian.
4. She is dancing at the party.
 
== Exercise Solutions ==
 
Exercise 1: Conjugation of the following verbs in the present tense:
 
1. Hvaliti (to praise):
* Ja hvalim
* Ti hvališ
* On/ona/ono hvali
* Mi hvalimo
* Vi hvalite
* Oni/one/ona hvale
 
2. Čekati (to wait):
* Ja čekam
* Ti čekaš
* On/ona/ono čeka
* Mi čekamo
* Vi čekate
* Oni/one/ona čekaju
 
3. Plivati (to swim):
* Ja plivam
* Ti plivaš
* On/ona/ono pliva
* Mi plivamo
* Vi plivate
* Oni/one/ona plivaju
 
4. Učiti (to study):
* Ja učim
* Ti učiš
* On/ona/ono uči
* Mi učimo
* Vi učite
* Oni/one/ona uče
 
Exercise 2: Completion of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
1. Ja pevam u horu.
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
2. Oni putuju u Beograd svake nedelje.
|-
3. Ti radiš veoma naporno.
| Pišem  || /piʃêm/ || I write
4. Ona govori pet jezika.
|-
 
| Pišeš  || /piʃêʃ/ || You write
Exercise 3: Translation of the following sentences into Serbian using the present tense:
|-
 
| Piše    || /piʃé/  || He/she/it writes
1. Čitam knjigu.
|-
2. Gledamo film.
| Pišemo || /piʃémo/|| We write
3. Oni govore srpski.
|-
4. Ona igra na zabavi.
| Pišete || /piʃéte/|| You write (plural)
|-
| Pišu    || /piʃû/  || They write
|}


== Summary ==
== Conclusion ==
The present tense in Serbian verbs is an important and fundamental part of learning the Serbian language. It allows you to create simple and effective sentences for everyday communication. Remember that there are always some exceptions to the rule, but with practice and patience, you will master them. In the next lesson on the "Complete 0 to A1 Serbian Course", we will learn about the past tense in Serbian verbs.


== Exercises ==
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on the present tense in Serbian verbs. You have learned the conjugation patterns for -iti, -ati, and -eti verbs and practiced using them in various exercises.
* Conjugate the verb "raditi" (to work) in the present tense.
* Conjugate the verb "videti" (to see) in the present tense.
* Create a simple sentence using the present tense with an irregular verb.


The present tense is a crucial aspect of Serbian grammar, allowing you to express actions and states in the present moment. By mastering the present tense, you will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Serbian and engage in meaningful conversations.


<span class='maj'></span>
In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense in Serbian verbs, delving into the various conjugation patterns and usage. Stay tuned for more exciting grammar adventures!
==Sources==
* [https://serbonika.com/blog/serbian-language/serbian-verbs-present-tense/ 3 Groups of Serbian Verbs: the Present Tense - Serbonika]
* [https://belgradelanguageschool.com/learn-serbian-present-tense-a-complete-guide/ Learn Serbian Present Tense: A Complete Guide | Belgrade ...]
* [https://slev.life/serbian-verbs 86 Top Serbian Verbs: Present & Past Tense Chart]


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Serbian Grammar → Introduction to Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Present Tense
|title=Serbian Grammar → Introduction to Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Present Tense
|keywords=Serbian grammar, present tense in Serbian verbs, irregular verbs, Serbian language
|keywords=Serbian grammar, present tense, Serbian verbs, conjugation, language learning
|description=Learn about the present tense in Serbian verbs in this lesson. Serbian grammar explained in an easy way for beginners. Read now!}}
|description=In this lesson, you will explore the present tense in Serbian verbs. Learn the conjugation patterns, usage, and cultural insights related to the present tense.
 
}}


{{Serbian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Serbian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
Line 151: Line 203:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Serbian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Serbian-0-to-A1-Course]]
 
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 


==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 160: Line 211:




==Related Lessons==
 
==Sources==
* [https://serbonika.com/blog/serbian-language/serbian-verbs-present-tense/ 3 Groups of Serbian Verbs: the Present Tense - Serbonika]
* [https://belgradelanguageschool.com/learn-serbian-present-tense-a-complete-guide/ Learn Serbian Present Tense: A Complete Guide | Belgrade ...]
* [https://slev.life/serbian-verbs 86 Top Serbian Verbs: Present & Past Tense Chart]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Future-Tense|Verbs: Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Future-Tense|Verbs: Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
Line 171: Line 230:
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Serbian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Serbian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Pronouns:-Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Pronouns: Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Verbs: Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 10:26, 18 June 2023

◀️ Pronouns: Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Verbs: Past Tense ▶️

Serbian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Serbian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of Serbian verbs and explore the present tense. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they express actions, states, and events. Understanding how to use verbs in the present tense is crucial for effective communication in Serbian.

The present tense is used to describe actions or states that are happening right now or are ongoing. It is a fundamental concept in Serbian grammar, and mastering it will allow you to express yourself fluently in everyday conversations.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Serbian verbs. We will provide detailed explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to reinforce your understanding. Additionally, we will delve into the rich Serbian culture and highlight interesting facts related to the topic.

So let's jump right in and discover the beauty of the present tense in Serbian verbs!

Overview of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense in Serbian is used to describe actions, states, or events that are happening in the present moment or are ongoing. It is formed by conjugating the verb according to the subject of the sentence.

In Serbian, verbs are divided into three conjugation groups based on their infinitive endings: -iti, -ati, and -eti. Each group has its own conjugation pattern in the present tense, which we will explore in detail.

Conjugation of -iti Verbs[edit | edit source]

Verbs ending in -iti belong to the first conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -iti verbs in the present tense:

Serbian Pronunciation English
Raditi /rǎːditi/ to work
Gledati /ɡlěːdati/ to watch
Piti /pǐːti/ to drink

As you can see from the examples above, the endings of -iti verbs in the present tense are -im, -iš, -i, -imo, -ite, and -e. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "raditi" (to work):

  • Ja radim - I work
  • Ti radiš - You work
  • On/ona/ono radi - He/she/it works
  • Mi radimo - We work
  • Vi radite - You work (plural/formal)
  • Oni/one/ona rade - They work

It is important to note that in Serbian, verbs are conjugated based on the subject of the sentence, not the object. Therefore, the verb form changes depending on who is performing the action.

Conjugation of -ati Verbs[edit | edit source]

Verbs ending in -ati belong to the second conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -ati verbs in the present tense:

Serbian Pronunciation English
Govoriti /ɡǒʋoriti/ to speak
Putovati /pǔtoʋati/ to travel
Radovati se /radoʋati sɛ/ to be happy

The endings of -ati verbs in the present tense are -am, -aš, -a, -amo, -ate, and -aju. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "govoriti" (to speak):

  • Ja govorim - I speak
  • Ti govoriš - You speak
  • On/ona/ono govori - He/she/it speaks
  • Mi govorimo - We speak
  • Vi govorite - You speak (plural/formal)
  • Oni/one/ona govore - They speak

In the case of reflexive verbs like "radovati se" (to be happy), the reflexive pronoun "se" is added after the verb, but the conjugation pattern remains the same.

Conjugation of -eti Verbs[edit | edit source]

Verbs ending in -eti belong to the third conjugation group. Let's take a look at the conjugation pattern for -eti verbs in the present tense:

Serbian Pronunciation English
Učiti /ǔtʃiti/ to learn
Leteti /lɛtɛti/ to fly
Pevati /pɛʋati/ to sing

The endings of -eti verbs in the present tense are -em, -eš, -e, -emo, -ete, and -u. Here is the conjugation pattern for the verb "učiti" (to learn):

  • Ja učim - I learn
  • Ti učiš - You learn
  • On/ona/ono uči - He/she/it learns
  • Mi učimo - We learn
  • Vi učite - You learn (plural/formal)
  • Oni/one/ona uče - They learn

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Serbian culture, the present tense is extensively used in everyday conversations. It allows speakers to express their thoughts, actions, and experiences in the present moment. Whether describing daily routines, expressing opinions, or sharing personal stories, the present tense plays a vital role in communication.

Serbia, located at the crossroads of Southeast Europe, has a rich cultural heritage shaped by various influences throughout history. The Serbian language reflects this diversity, as it incorporates elements from Slavic, Ottoman Turkish, and various other languages. The present tense, as a fundamental aspect of Serbian grammar, embodies the language's versatility and adaptability to different cultural contexts.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Serbian verbs. Try to complete the exercises on your own before checking the solutions provided.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense:

1. Hvaliti (to praise) 2. Čekati (to wait) 3. Plivati (to swim) 4. Učiti (to study)

Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense:

1. Ja __________ (pevati) u horu. 2. Oni __________ (putovati) u Beograd svake nedelje. 3. Ti __________ (raditi) veoma naporno. 4. Ona __________ (govoriti) pet jezika.

Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Serbian using the present tense:

1. I am reading a book. 2. We are watching a movie. 3. They are speaking Serbian. 4. She is dancing at the party.

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Conjugation of the following verbs in the present tense:

1. Hvaliti (to praise):

  • Ja hvalim
  • Ti hvališ
  • On/ona/ono hvali
  • Mi hvalimo
  • Vi hvalite
  • Oni/one/ona hvale

2. Čekati (to wait):

  • Ja čekam
  • Ti čekaš
  • On/ona/ono čeka
  • Mi čekamo
  • Vi čekate
  • Oni/one/ona čekaju

3. Plivati (to swim):

  • Ja plivam
  • Ti plivaš
  • On/ona/ono pliva
  • Mi plivamo
  • Vi plivate
  • Oni/one/ona plivaju

4. Učiti (to study):

  • Ja učim
  • Ti učiš
  • On/ona/ono uči
  • Mi učimo
  • Vi učite
  • Oni/one/ona uče

Exercise 2: Completion of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense:

1. Ja pevam u horu. 2. Oni putuju u Beograd svake nedelje. 3. Ti radiš veoma naporno. 4. Ona govori pet jezika.

Exercise 3: Translation of the following sentences into Serbian using the present tense:

1. Čitam knjigu. 2. Gledamo film. 3. Oni govore srpski. 4. Ona igra na zabavi.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on the present tense in Serbian verbs. You have learned the conjugation patterns for -iti, -ati, and -eti verbs and practiced using them in various exercises.

The present tense is a crucial aspect of Serbian grammar, allowing you to express actions and states in the present moment. By mastering the present tense, you will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Serbian and engage in meaningful conversations.

In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense in Serbian verbs, delving into the various conjugation patterns and usage. Stay tuned for more exciting grammar adventures!

Table of Contents - Serbian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Serbian Grammar


Introduction to Serbian Vocabulary


Introduction to Serbian Culture


Pronouns: Possessive Pronouns


Shopping


Sports and Recreation


Adjectives: Declension


Jobs and Professions


Literature and Poetry


Verbs: Conditional


Entertainment and Media


Art and Artists

Videos[edit | edit source]

Serbian Verbs for Beginners | Present, Future and Past Tense ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Pronouns: Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Verbs: Past Tense ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Present-Tense&oldid=281857"