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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]  → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Questions and Negation → Negating Sentences</div>
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Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda is an important part of understanding the language and being able to communicate effectively. In this lesson, you will learn different negative words and constructions used in Kinyarwanda.
Introduction:
 
Negating sentences is an important aspect of any language, as it allows us to express negation or denial. In Kinyarwanda, negation is achieved using different negative words and constructions. In this lesson, we will explore the various ways to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use negation in your conversations and understand negated sentences when you hear them.  
== Negative Words ==
 
In Kinyarwanda, there are several negative words that are commonly used in negating sentences. Here are some of the most important ones:


=== Nt --> Not ===
Negating Sentences in Kinyarwanda:
Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda involves the use of negative words and constructions. Let's explore some of the common ways to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda.


The word "nt" is used to negate a sentence. It can be added to the beginning of a sentence or after the subject. For example:
1. Using the Negative Word "Si":
The negative word "si" is used to negate verbs in Kinyarwanda. It is placed before the verb in a sentence. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
! Kinyarwanda !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|Si niyandikiraga.  || 'si ni.yan.di.ki.ra.ga' || I am not writing.
|-
|Si wampamagaye.  || 'si wam.pa.ma.ga.ye' || He is not eating.
|-
|Si wakora.  || 'si wa.ko.ra' || She is not working.
|-
|Si dukunda.  || 'si du.kun.da' || We do not love.
|-
|-
| Ntugashyira ibyo uvuga hano || Do not say those things here
|Si muraramuke.  || 'si mu.ra.ra.mu.ke' || You (plural) are not happy.
|}
|}


=== Nti --> Not (reponse to a question) ===
2. Using the Negative Word "Nt":
 
The negative word "nt" is used to negate nouns and adjectives in Kinyarwanda. It is placed before the noun or adjective in a sentence. Here are some examples:
The word "nti" is used to respond negatively to a yes/no question. It is always used in response to a question, not as a sentence starter. For example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
! Kinyarwanda !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|Nt umwana.  || 'nt um.wa.na' || Not a child.
|-
|Nt mwiza.  || 'nt mwi.za' || Not beautiful.
|-
|Nt umukobwa.  || 'nt u.mu.ko.bwa' || Not a girl.
|-
|-
| Yewe, ukoresha imodoka? || Yes, do you use a car?
|Nt umugore.  || 'nt u.mu.go.re' || Not a woman.
| Nti, sinukoresha || No, I do not use one
|}
 
=== Nta --> Not any ===
 
The word "nta" is used to indicate "not any". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntago hari ibijumba hano || There are not any pineapples here
|Nt umuhungu.  || 'nt u.mu.hu.ngu' || Not a boy.
|}
|}


=== Ntawundi --> Not another ===
3. Using the Negative Word "Ntawundi":
 
The negative word "ntawundi" is used to express the absence of something or someone. It is placed before the noun in a sentence. Here are some examples:
The word "ntawundi" is used to indicate "not another", "not any other". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
! Kinyarwanda !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ntawundi murugo rwose muli iki kigo? || Are all classrooms in this school?
|Ntawundi umuntu.  || 'nta.wun.di u.mu.n.tu' || No one.
| Oya, ntago || No, not another
|}
 
=== Ntaho --> Not where ===
 
The word "ntaho" is used to indicate "not where". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntaho ibikoresho biwundi bifite ikinyabupfura? || Where can I find cheap clothes?
|Ntawundi umwenzi.  || 'nta.wun.di u.mwe.nzi' || No friend.
| Oya, ntago hano || No, not here
|}
 
=== Ntago --> Not there ===
 
The word "ntago" is used to indicate "not there". It is used before the word it is negating. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntago hari ibikoresho byiza? || Are there good clothes?
|Ntawundi umugabo.  || 'nta.wun.di u.mu.ga.bo' || No man.
| Oya, ntago || No, not there
|}
 
== Negative Constructions ==
 
There are also different negative constructions that can be used to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. Here are some of the most important ones:
 
=== Si --> Negative Imperative ===
 
The word "si" is used before the verb in an imperative sentence to make it negative. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Simvura || Do not sleep
|Ntawundi umugore.  || 'nta.wun.di u.mu.go.re' || No woman.
|}
 
=== Ntib --> Not/Virtual Future ===
 
The word "ntib" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action is not going to happen or is unlikely to happen. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Kinyarwanda !! English
|-
|-
| Ntibyabashije ibikorwa byifatwa || The work may not be done
|Ntawundi umukobwa.  || 'nta.wun.di u.mu.ko.bwa' || No girl.
|}
|}


=== Ntabwo --> Not yet ===
Cultural Insight: In Rwanda, the use of negation is an important aspect of communication. It allows individuals to express their opinions, preferences, and limitations. It is common to use negation in everyday conversation to convey a variety of meanings.


The word "ntabwo" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not yet happened or will not happen soon. For example:
Exercise 1:
Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda, using the appropriate negative word or construction:


{| class="wikitable"
1. She is not coming to the party.
! Kinyarwanda !! English
2. We do not have any money.
|-
3. He does not like to eat vegetables.
| Ntabwo nagiye      || I am not yet going there
4. They are not going to the market.
|}
5. I am not feeling well.


=== Ntiy --> Not yet/Still ===
Solution:
1. Ntawundi agiye ku ishuri.
2. Si dukorana amafaranga.
3. Si yamvikanye kurya ibigori.
4. Si bose baciye ku isoko.
5. Si ndi umuzima.


The word "ntiy" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not yet started or is still ongoing. For example:
Explanation:
1. "Ntawundi" is used to express the absence of the person coming to the party.
2. "Si" is used to negate the verb "dukorana" (to have) in the sentence.
3. "Si" is used to negate the verb "yamvikanye" (to like) in the sentence.
4. "Si" is used to negate the verb "baciye" (to go) in the sentence.
5. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence.


{| class="wikitable"
Exercise 2:
! Kinyarwanda !! English
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate negative word or construction:
|-
| Ntiyatanze || I have not done it yet
|}


=== Ntit --> Not really/have not ===
1. Si ____________ kwiga Kinyarwanda.
2. Nt ____________ umwana wanjye.
3. Nt ____________ umugabo.
4. Si ____________ kurya ibiryo.
5. ____________ umuntu azi aho mbonye.


The word "ntit" is used before the verb in a sentence to indicate that the action has not been done or is unlikely to be done. For example:
Solution:
1. Si ndi kwiga Kinyarwanda.
2. Nt umwana wanjye.
3. Nt umugabo.
4. Si ndi kurya ibiryo.
5. Ntawundi umuntu azi aho mbonye.


{| class="wikitable"
Explanation:
! Kinyarwanda !! English
1. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence.
|-
2. "Nt" is used to negate the noun "umwana" (child) in the sentence.
| Ntitifuza kwibaruka hano || I do not really want to go back there
3. "Nt" is used to negate the noun "umugabo" (man) in the sentence.
|}
4. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence.
5. "Ntawundi" is used to express the absence of someone who knows where I have seen.


== Conclusion ==
Cultural Insight: Negation in Kinyarwanda is not only used to express denial but also to show politeness and respect. It is considered polite to use negation when declining an invitation or expressing a negative opinion.


Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda can be challenging, but with practice and patience, you will be able to master it. By understanding the different negative words and constructions used in the language, you will be able to communicate effectively and confidently with native speakers.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda using different negative words and constructions. We explored the use of "si" to negate verbs, "nt" to negate nouns and adjectives, and "ntawundi" to express absence. We also practiced translating and completing sentences using negation. By mastering the skill of negating sentences, you will be able to communicate more effectively and accurately in Kinyarwanda.


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|title=Kinyarwanda Grammar → Questions and Negation → Negating Sentences
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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda using different negative words and constructions. Explore the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your understanding of negation in Kinyarwanda.
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==Sources==
* [https://sites.google.com/a/wisc.edu/learning-kinyarwanda/lessons-in-grammar-and-pronunciation/9-the-verb-the-copulative 9.) The Verb: The Copulative - Learning Kinyarwanda]
* [https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/audio/languagelessons/rwanda/RW_Kinyarwanda_Language_Lessons.pdf Trainee Kinyarwanda Book Table of Contents]
* [https://sites.google.com/a/wisc.edu/learning-kinyarwanda/lessons-in-grammar-and-pronunciation/16-the-verb-the-transitive 16.) The Verb: The Transitive - Learning Kinyarwanda]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Describing-Nouns|Describing Nouns]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Noun-Classes|Noun Classes]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/Asking-Questions|Asking Questions]]
* [[Language/Kinyarwanda/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
 
 




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Latest revision as of 12:02, 22 June 2023

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Kinyarwanda-flag-polyglotclub.fw.png
Kinyarwanda → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Questions and Negation → Negating Sentences

Introduction: Negating sentences is an important aspect of any language, as it allows us to express negation or denial. In Kinyarwanda, negation is achieved using different negative words and constructions. In this lesson, we will explore the various ways to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use negation in your conversations and understand negated sentences when you hear them.

Negating Sentences in Kinyarwanda: Negating sentences in Kinyarwanda involves the use of negative words and constructions. Let's explore some of the common ways to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda.

1. Using the Negative Word "Si": The negative word "si" is used to negate verbs in Kinyarwanda. It is placed before the verb in a sentence. Here are some examples:

Kinyarwanda Pronunciation English
Si niyandikiraga. 'si ni.yan.di.ki.ra.ga' I am not writing.
Si wampamagaye. 'si wam.pa.ma.ga.ye' He is not eating.
Si wakora. 'si wa.ko.ra' She is not working.
Si dukunda. 'si du.kun.da' We do not love.
Si muraramuke. 'si mu.ra.ra.mu.ke' You (plural) are not happy.

2. Using the Negative Word "Nt": The negative word "nt" is used to negate nouns and adjectives in Kinyarwanda. It is placed before the noun or adjective in a sentence. Here are some examples:

Kinyarwanda Pronunciation English
Nt umwana. 'nt um.wa.na' Not a child.
Nt mwiza. 'nt mwi.za' Not beautiful.
Nt umukobwa. 'nt u.mu.ko.bwa' Not a girl.
Nt umugore. 'nt u.mu.go.re' Not a woman.
Nt umuhungu. 'nt u.mu.hu.ngu' Not a boy.

3. Using the Negative Word "Ntawundi": The negative word "ntawundi" is used to express the absence of something or someone. It is placed before the noun in a sentence. Here are some examples:

Kinyarwanda Pronunciation English
Ntawundi umuntu. 'nta.wun.di u.mu.n.tu' No one.
Ntawundi umwenzi. 'nta.wun.di u.mwe.nzi' No friend.
Ntawundi umugabo. 'nta.wun.di u.mu.ga.bo' No man.
Ntawundi umugore. 'nta.wun.di u.mu.go.re' No woman.
Ntawundi umukobwa. 'nta.wun.di u.mu.ko.bwa' No girl.

Cultural Insight: In Rwanda, the use of negation is an important aspect of communication. It allows individuals to express their opinions, preferences, and limitations. It is common to use negation in everyday conversation to convey a variety of meanings.

Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda, using the appropriate negative word or construction:

1. She is not coming to the party. 2. We do not have any money. 3. He does not like to eat vegetables. 4. They are not going to the market. 5. I am not feeling well.

Solution: 1. Ntawundi agiye ku ishuri. 2. Si dukorana amafaranga. 3. Si yamvikanye kurya ibigori. 4. Si bose baciye ku isoko. 5. Si ndi umuzima.

Explanation: 1. "Ntawundi" is used to express the absence of the person coming to the party. 2. "Si" is used to negate the verb "dukorana" (to have) in the sentence. 3. "Si" is used to negate the verb "yamvikanye" (to like) in the sentence. 4. "Si" is used to negate the verb "baciye" (to go) in the sentence. 5. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence.

Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate negative word or construction:

1. Si ____________ kwiga Kinyarwanda. 2. Nt ____________ umwana wanjye. 3. Nt ____________ umugabo. 4. Si ____________ kurya ibiryo. 5. ____________ umuntu azi aho mbonye.

Solution: 1. Si ndi kwiga Kinyarwanda. 2. Nt umwana wanjye. 3. Nt umugabo. 4. Si ndi kurya ibiryo. 5. Ntawundi umuntu azi aho mbonye.

Explanation: 1. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence. 2. "Nt" is used to negate the noun "umwana" (child) in the sentence. 3. "Nt" is used to negate the noun "umugabo" (man) in the sentence. 4. "Si" is used to negate the verb "ndi" (to be) in the sentence. 5. "Ntawundi" is used to express the absence of someone who knows where I have seen.

Cultural Insight: Negation in Kinyarwanda is not only used to express denial but also to show politeness and respect. It is considered polite to use negation when declining an invitation or expressing a negative opinion.

Conclusion: In this lesson, we have learned how to negate sentences in Kinyarwanda using different negative words and constructions. We explored the use of "si" to negate verbs, "nt" to negate nouns and adjectives, and "ntawundi" to express absence. We also practiced translating and completing sentences using negation. By mastering the skill of negating sentences, you will be able to communicate more effectively and accurately in Kinyarwanda.

Table of Contents - Kinyarwanda Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Questions and Negation


Travel and Transportation


Rwandan Customs and Traditions


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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