Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Differences-from-the-active-voice"

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Standard Arabic → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Passive voice in Arabic → Differences from the active voice

In this lesson, we will learn about the passive voice in Arabic and the differences between the passive and active voice. Understanding the passive voice is essential for developing fluency in Arabic and expressing a wide range of ideas and actions. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use the passive voice correctly in Arabic sentences.

What is the Passive Voice?[edit | edit source]

The passive voice is a grammatical construction that emphasizes the recipient of an action rather than the doer. In English, the passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb. For example, "The book was written by the author."

In Arabic, the passive voice is formed by using a combination of verbal forms and pronouns. The passive voice allows speakers to focus on the object or receiver of an action rather than the subject or doer. It is commonly used to describe actions that happen to someone or something.

Formation of the Passive Voice in Arabic[edit | edit source]

To form the passive voice in Arabic, we need to use a specific verbal form called "mafrūl bih" (مفعول به) in combination with the corresponding pronouns. The "mafrūl bih" verbal form is derived from the root verb and expresses the passive action or state.

The formation of the passive voice depends on the tense of the verb. Let's take a look at the different tenses and how the passive voice is formed in each.

Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In the present tense, the passive voice is formed by using the present tense of the verb "to be" (يكون) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the present tense passive voice:

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
يُكتَب	yuktabu	It is written
تُكتَب	tuktabu	You (singular feminine) are written
تُكتَب	tuktabu	You (singular masculine) are written
يُكتَب	yuktabu	He is written
تُكتَب	tuktabu	She is written
نُكتَب	nuktabu	We are written
تُكتَبُون	tuktabūna	You (plural) are written
يُكتَبون	yuktabūna	They are written

Past Tense[edit | edit source]

In the past tense, the passive voice is formed by using the past tense of the verb "to be" (كان) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the past tense passive voice:

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
كُتِبَ	kutiba	It was written
كُتِبَت	kutibat	You (singular feminine) were written
كُتِبَ	kutiba	You (singular masculine) were written
كُتِبَ	kutiba	He was written
كُتِبَت	kutibat	She was written
كُتِبَ	kutiba	We were written
كُتِبتُم	kutibtum	You (plural) were written
كُتِبُوا	kutibu	They were written

Future Tense[edit | edit source]

In the future tense, the passive voice is formed by using the future tense of the verb "to be" (سيكون) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the future tense passive voice:

Standard Arabic	Pronunciation	English
سَيُكتَب	sayuktabu	It will be written
سَتُكتَب	sataktabu	You (singular feminine) will be written
سَتُكتَب	sataktabu	You (singular masculine) will be written
سَيُكتَب	sayuktabu	He will be written
سَتُكتَب	sataktabu	She will be written
سَنُكتَب	sanuktabu	We will be written
سَتُكتَبُون	sataktabūna	You (plural) will be written
سَيُكتَبون	sayuktabūna	They will be written

Differences Between the Passive and Active Voice in Arabic[edit | edit source]

Now that we understand how to form the passive voice in Arabic, let's explore the differences between the passive and active voice.

1. Focus on the Object: In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action, while in the passive voice, the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence. This shift in focus allows speakers to highlight and emphasize the object or recipient of the action.

Example: Active Voice: الطبيب يعالج المريض. (The doctor treats the patient.) Passive Voice: يعالج المريض بواسطة الطبيب. (The patient is treated by the doctor.)

2. Omission of the Subject: In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is often omitted because the focus is on the object or receiver of the action. The subject can be included for clarity or emphasis, but it is not necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct.

Example: Passive Voice: كتب الكتاب من قبل الطالب. (The book was written by the student.) Passive Voice (without subject): كتب الكتاب من قبل. (The book was written.)

3. Verb Agreement: In the active voice, the verb agrees with the subject in terms of gender and number. In the passive voice, the verb agrees with the object or receiver of the action.

Example: Active Voice: الأطفال يقرأون الكتب. (The children read the books.) Passive Voice: تُقرأ الكتب من قبل الأطفال. (The books are read by the children.)

4. Change in Word Order: In the active voice, the word order follows the subject-verb-object pattern. In the passive voice, the word order changes to object-verb-subject.

Example: Active Voice: الشيف يطبخ الطعام. (The chef cooks the food.) Passive Voice: يُطبخ الطعام من قبل الشيف. (The food is cooked by the chef.)

5. Emphasis on the Doer: In the passive voice, the doer of the action can be mentioned using the preposition "من قبل" (by). This allows speakers to provide additional information and emphasize the doer, if desired.

Example: Passive Voice: يتم الإعلان عن النتائج من قبل اللجنة. (The results are announced by the committee.)

These are some of the key differences between the passive and active voice in Arabic. It is important to understand these differences and use the appropriate voice based on the intended meaning and emphasis of the sentence.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we learned about the passive voice in Arabic and the differences between the passive and active voice. We explored the formation of the passive voice in different tenses and discussed how the focus shifts from the doer to the recipient of the action. Understanding the passive voice is crucial for expressing a wide range of ideas and actions in Arabic. With practice, you will become proficient in using the passive voice correctly and effectively.

Table of Contents - Standard Arabic Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Arabic script

Nouns and gender in Arabic

Verbs and conjugation in Arabic

Numbers and counting in Arabic

Everyday Arabic vocabulary

Food and drink vocabulary

Arabic customs and traditions

Arabic music and entertainment

Adjectives in Arabic

Pronouns in Arabic

Prepositions in Arabic

Interrogatives in Arabic

Adverbs in Arabic

Transportation vocabulary

Shopping and money vocabulary

Arabic literature and poetry

Arabic calligraphy and art

Weather vocabulary

Conditional sentences in Arabic

Passive voice in Arabic

Formation and usage
Differences from the active voice

Relative clauses in Arabic

Arabic adjectives and nouns

Arabic cinema and TV

Arabic fashion and beauty

Sports and leisure vocabulary

Sources=[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Formation and usage — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Formation and usage ▶️

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+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-arabic|Standard Arabic]]  → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Passive voice in Arabic → Differences from the active voice</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Arabic Grammar →  → Differences from the active voice</div>
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-As a Standard Arabic language teacher for over 20 years, I have encountered many students who struggle with understanding the differences between the active and passive voice. In this lesson, we will explore the differences between the two voices and when to use each one.
+In this lesson, we will learn about the passive voice in Arabic and the differences between the passive and active voice. Understanding the passive voice is essential for developing fluency in Arabic and expressing a wide range of ideas and actions. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use the passive voice correctly in Arabic sentences.
-The passive voice in Arabic is often used to shift the focus of a sentence from the subject to the object. This means that the object becomes the subject of the sentence, while the original subject often becomes the object of a preposition. The passive voice is typically used when the speaker wants to put more emphasis on the object of the sentence or when the subject is unknown or unimportant.
+== What is the Passive Voice? ==
+The passive voice is a grammatical construction that emphasizes the recipient of an action rather than the doer. In English, the passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb. For example, "The book was written by the author."
-Let us look at an example to understand this better:
+In Arabic, the passive voice is formed by using a combination of verbal forms and pronouns. The passive voice allows speakers to focus on the object or receiver of an action rather than the subject or doer. It is commonly used to describe actions that happen to someone or something.
-* Active Voice: المعلم يشرح الدرس (al-mu'allim yusharrih al-dars)
-* Passive Voice: الدرس يشرح من قبل المعلم (al-dars yusharrih min qabli al-mu'allim)
-As you can see, the object (al-dars) becomes the subject in the passive voice, while the original subject (al-mu'allim) is introduced by the preposition (min qabli).
+== Formation of the Passive Voice in Arabic ==
+To form the passive voice in Arabic, we need to use a specific verbal form called "mafrūl bih" (مفعول به) in combination with the corresponding pronouns. The "mafrūl bih" verbal form is derived from the root verb and expresses the passive action or state.
-Here are some key differences between the active and passive voice in Arabic:
+The formation of the passive voice depends on the tense of the verb. Let's take a look at the different tenses and how the passive voice is formed in each.
-===Verb Tense===
+=== Present Tense ===
-In the active voice, the verb is conjugated based on the subject of the sentence. In the passive voice, the verb is conjugated based on the object of the sentence.
+In the present tense, the passive voice is formed by using the present tense of the verb "to be" (يكون) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the present tense passive voice:
-===Word Order===
+{| class="wikitable"
-In the active voice, the word order is typically subject-verb-object, while in the passive voice, it is often object-verb-subject.
+! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
-===Focus===
+| يُكتَب || yuktabu || It is written
-The active voice typically puts more emphasis on the subject of the sentence, while the passive voice often puts more emphasis on the object.
+|-
+| تُكتَب || tuktabu || You (singular feminine) are written
-===Use of Prepositions===
+|-
-In the passive voice, prepositions are often used to introduce the original subject of the sentence, as we saw in the example above.
+| تُكتَب || tuktabu || You (singular masculine) are written
+|-
-===Examples===
+| يُكتَب || yuktabu || He is written
+|-
+| تُكتَب || tuktabu || She is written
+|-
+| نُكتَب || nuktabu || We are written
+|-
+| تُكتَبُون || tuktabūna || You (plural) are written
+|-
+| يُكتَبون || yuktabūna || They are written
+|}
-Here are some examples of sentences in both the active and passive voice in Arabic:
+=== Past Tense ===
+In the past tense, the passive voice is formed by using the past tense of the verb "to be" (كان) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the past tense passive voice:
-<h4>Active Voice</h4>
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| المدير يدير الاجتماع || al-mudir yudir al-ijtimaa || The manager runs the meeting.
+| كُتِبَ || kutiba || It was written
 |-
-| الأم يحب ابنها || al-umm yuhibb ibnaha || The mother loves her son.
+| كُتِبَت || kutibat || You (singular feminine) were written
 |-
-| العمال يبنون المنزل || al-'umaal yabnuun al-manzil || The workers build the house.
+| كُتِبَ || kutiba || You (singular masculine) were written
 |-
-| الأطفال يلعبون في الحديقة || al-atfaal yal'abuun fi al-hadiiqah || The children play in the garden.
+| كُتِبَ || kutiba || He was written
+|-
+| كُتِبَت || kutibat || She was written
+|-
+| كُتِبَ || kutiba || We were written
+|-
+| كُتِبتُم || kutibtum || You (plural) were written
+|-
+| كُتِبُوا || kutibu || They were written
 |}
-<h4>Passive Voice</h4>
+=== Future Tense ===
+In the future tense, the passive voice is formed by using the future tense of the verb "to be" (سيكون) followed by the "mafrūl bih" form of the main verb. The pronouns are added as suffixes to the verb. Here is the conjugation of the verb "to write" (كتب) in the future tense passive voice:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Standard Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| الاجتماع يدير من طرف المدير || al-ijtimaa yudar min taraf al-mudir || The meeting is run by the manager.
+| سَيُكتَب || sayuktabu || It will be written
+|-
+| سَتُكتَب || sataktabu || You (singular feminine) will be written
+|-
+| سَتُكتَب || sataktabu || You (singular masculine) will be written
+|-
+| سَيُكتَب || sayuktabu || He will be written
 |-
-| الابن محبوب من قبل والدته || al-ibn muhibb min qabli walidatihi || The son is loved by his mother.
+| سَتُكتَب || sataktabu || She will be written
 |-
-| المنزل يتم بناؤه من قبل العمال || al-manzil yutamm bunauh min qabli al-'umal || The house is built by the workers.
+| سَنُكتَب || sanuktabu || We will be written
 |-
-| يلعب الأطفال في الحديقة || yal'ab al-atfaal fi al-hadiiqah|| The children play in the garden.
+| سَتُكتَبُون || sataktabūna || You (plural) will be written
+|-
+| سَيُكتَبون || sayuktabūna || They will be written
 |}
-As you can see, the passive voice is used in these examples to shift the focus from the subject to the object of the sentence. It is also evident that prepositions play a significant role in introducing the original subject in the passive voice.
+== Differences Between the Passive and Active Voice in Arabic ==
+Now that we understand how to form the passive voice in Arabic, let's explore the differences between the passive and active voice.
+. Focus on the Object: In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action, while in the passive voice, the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence. This shift in focus allows speakers to highlight and emphasize the object or recipient of the action.
+Example:
+Active Voice: الطبيب يعالج المريض. (The doctor treats the patient.)
+Passive Voice: يعالج المريض بواسطة الطبيب. (The patient is treated by the doctor.)
+. Omission of the Subject: In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is often omitted because the focus is on the object or receiver of the action. The subject can be included for clarity or emphasis, but it is not necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct.
+Example:
+Passive Voice: كتب الكتاب من قبل الطالب. (The book was written by the student.)
+Passive Voice (without subject): كتب الكتاب من قبل. (The book was written.)
+. Verb Agreement: In the active voice, the verb agrees with the subject in terms of gender and number. In the passive voice, the verb agrees with the object or receiver of the action.
+Example:
+Active Voice: الأطفال يقرأون الكتب. (The children read the books.)
+Passive Voice: تُقرأ الكتب من قبل الأطفال. (The books are read by the children.)
+. Change in Word Order: In the active voice, the word order follows the subject-verb-object pattern. In the passive voice, the word order changes to object-verb-subject.
+Example:
+Active Voice: الشيف يطبخ الطعام. (The chef cooks the food.)
+Passive Voice: يُطبخ الطعام من قبل الشيف. (The food is cooked by the chef.)
-===Final Thoughts===
+. Emphasis on the Doer: In the passive voice, the doer of the action can be mentioned using the preposition "من قبل" (by). This allows speakers to provide additional information and emphasize the doer, if desired.
-Understanding the differences between the active and passive voices is pivotal for mastering Arabic grammar. While the active voice puts the focus on the subject, the passive voice shifts the focus to the object of the sentence. These differences change the structure and word order of the sentence, making it essential to practice and read extensively in Arabic to become proficient in using both voices.
+Example:
+Passive Voice: يتم الإعلان عن النتائج من قبل اللجنة. (The results are announced by the committee.)
-===Sources===
+These are some of the key differences between the passive and active voice in Arabic. It is important to understand these differences and use the appropriate voice based on the intended meaning and emphasis of the sentence.
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar Arabic Grammar]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice Passive Voice]
+== Conclusion ==
+In this lesson, we learned about the passive voice in Arabic and the differences between the passive and active voice. We explored the formation of the passive voice in different tenses and discussed how the focus shifts from the doer to the recipient of the action. Understanding the passive voice is crucial for expressing a wide range of ideas and actions in Arabic. With practice, you will become proficient in using the passive voice correctly and effectively.
 {{#seo:
-|title=Standard Arabic Grammar →  → Differences from the active voice
+|title=Standard Arabic Grammar → Passive voice in Arabic → Differences from the active voice
-|keywords=Arabic grammar, passive voice, Arabic syntax, Arabic word order
+|keywords=standard arabic, arabic grammar, passive voice in arabic, active voice in arabic, differences between passive and active voice, formation of passive voice, present tense passive voice, past tense passive voice, future tense passive voice, differences in arabic passive and active voice
-|description=In this lesson, we will explore the differences between the active and passive voice in Arabic and when to use each one.}}
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the passive voice in Arabic and the differences between the passive and active voice. Understanding the passive voice is essential for developing fluency in Arabic and expressing a wide range of ideas and actions.
+}}
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+==Sources===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar Arabic Grammar]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice Passive Voice]
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/THE-USE-OF-THE-AFFIXED-PERSONAL-PRONOUNS|THE USE OF THE AFFIXED PERSONAL PRONOUNS]]
 * [[Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Adjective-agreement-and-placement|Adjective agreement and placement]]
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