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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cases and Prepositions → Nominative Case</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Russian Nouns and Gender → Nominative Case</div>


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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


Welcome to the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! The nominative case is one of the most important cases in the Russian language, as it is used for the subject of a sentence. In this lesson, we will learn the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case.
Welcome to the lesson on the Nominative case in Russian! In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Nominative case and how to use it correctly with Russian nouns. The Nominative case is the default case for nouns in Russian, and it is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. Understanding and using the Nominative case correctly is essential for building a strong foundation in the Russian language. So let's dive in and explore the world of Russian nouns in the Nominative case!


The nominative case is the default case for a noun, meaning that it is used when the noun is the subject of a sentence and when there is no preposition indicating a different case. Understanding how to use the nominative case correctly is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.
== Overview of Russian Nouns ==


Let's dive in and explore the rules and endings for the nominative case in Russian!
Before we dive into the Nominative case, let's briefly review some key information about Russian nouns.


== Nouns in the Nominative Case ==
In Russian, nouns have three grammatical categories: gender, number, and case. Each noun is assigned a gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter), which affects the forms of adjectives and verbs that modify the noun. Nouns can also be singular or plural, indicating whether there is one or more than one of the noun. Finally, nouns have different forms, or cases, which indicate their grammatical role in a sentence.


In the nominative case, the endings of nouns depend on their gender, number, and whether they are animate or inanimate. Russian nouns can be classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each gender has its own set of endings in the nominative case.
== Gender Recognition ==


=== Masculine Nouns ===
In Russian, nouns are classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Recognizing the gender of a noun is crucial because it determines the declension pattern that the noun follows in different cases.


Masculine nouns in the nominative case typically end in a consonant or a soft sign (ь). Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for masculine nouns:
To determine the gender of a noun, you can look at several clues. Firstly, the ending of the noun can give you a hint about its gender. For example, most nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" are feminine, while nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" are usually neuter. Secondly, you can also rely on the meaning of the noun. Many nouns referring to males are masculine, while nouns referring to females are feminine. However, there are exceptions, so it's important to learn the gender of each noun individually.


1. If a masculine noun ends in a consonant, the nominative case ending is usually -ъ for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.
Let's take a look at some examples:


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| мальчик || mal'chik || boy
| ма́ма || má-ma || mother
|-
|-
| мальчики || mal'chiki || boys
| па́па || pá-pa || father
|}
 
2. If a masculine noun ends in a soft sign (ь), the nominative case ending is usually -й for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| дом || dom || house
| сестра́ || ses-trá || sister
|-
|-
| дома || doma || houses
| брат || brat || brother
|}
 
Keep in mind that there are some exceptions to these rules, and it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun. As you progress in your Russian studies, you will become more familiar with these exceptions.
 
=== Feminine Nouns ===
 
Feminine nouns in the nominative case typically end in -а or -я for singular nouns and -ы or -и for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for feminine nouns:
 
1. If a feminine noun ends in -а, the nominative case ending is usually -а for singular nouns and -ы for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| мама || ma-ma || mother
| окно́ || ok-nó || window
|-
|-
| мамы || ma-my || mothers
| де́ло || dyé-la || thing
|}
|}


2. If a feminine noun ends in -я, the nominative case ending is usually -я for singular nouns and -и for plural nouns.
As you can see from the examples above, the gender of a noun can vary, and it's important to memorize the gender of each noun along with its meaning.


Example:
== Noun Cases Overview ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| русская || rus-ska-ya || Russian (feminine)
|-
| русские || rus-skie || Russians (feminine)
|}


Again, there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to familiarize yourself with the specific endings for each noun.
In Russian, nouns have six different cases, each indicating a different grammatical role in a sentence. The six cases are: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. In this lesson, we will focus on the Nominative case.
 
=== Neuter Nouns ===


Neuter nouns in the nominative case typically end in -о or -е for singular nouns and -а or -я for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for neuter nouns:
The Nominative case is the default case for Russian nouns. It is used to indicate the subject of a sentence, the noun that performs the action of the verb. Nouns in the Nominative case are typically found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.


1. If a neuter noun ends in -о, the nominative case ending is usually -о for singular nouns and -а for plural nouns.
Let's see some examples of nouns in the Nominative case:


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| окно || ok-no || window
| кот || kot || cat
|-
|-
| окна || ok-na || windows
| дом || dom || house
|}
 
2. If a neuter noun ends in -е, the nominative case ending is usually -е for singular nouns and -я for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| море || mo-re || sea
| я́блоко || yá-blá-ka || apple
|-
|-
| моря || mo-rya || seas
| у́читель || ú-chi-tyel' || teacher
|}
 
As always, be aware that there may be exceptions to these rules, so it's important to learn the specific endings for each noun.
 
== Adjectives in the Nominative Case ==
 
Adjectives in the nominative case must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. This means that the endings of adjectives change depending on the gender and number of the noun they describe.
 
The rules for forming the nominative case for adjectives are similar to the rules for nouns. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
=== Masculine Adjectives ===
 
Masculine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ый or -ий for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:
 
1. If a masculine adjective ends in -ый, the nominative case ending is usually -ый for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| хороший || ho-ro-shiy || good
| кни́га || kneé-ga || book
|-
| хорошие || ho-ro-shi-ye || good
|}
|}


2. If a masculine adjective ends in -ий, the nominative case ending is usually -ий for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
In the examples above, the nouns are in the Nominative case because they are the subjects of the sentences.


Example:
== Nominative Case Endings ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| большой || bol'-shoy || big
|-
| большие || bol'-shi-ye || big
|}


=== Feminine Adjectives ===
To form the Nominative case, nouns undergo changes in their endings depending on their gender and declension pattern. Let's take a closer look at the endings for each gender:


Feminine adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ая or -яя for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:
=== Masculine Nouns ===


1. If a feminine adjective ends in -ая, the nominative case ending is usually -ая for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.
Most masculine nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:


Example:
* If the noun ends in a consonant, the ending is "-ø" or "-и" (after soft consonants).
{| class="wikitable"
* If the noun ends in "-й" or "-ь", the ending is dropped.
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| красивая || kra-see-va-ya || beautiful
|-
| красивые || kra-see-vi-ye || beautiful
|}


2. If a feminine adjective ends in -яя, the nominative case ending is usually -яя for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
Here are some examples of masculine nouns in the Nominative case:


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| новая || no-va-ya || new
| стол || stol || table
|-
|-
| новые || no-vi-ye || new
| челове́к || che-lo-vék || man
|}
 
=== Neuter Adjectives ===
 
Neuter adjectives in the nominative case typically end in -ое or -ее for singular nouns and -ые or -ие for plural nouns. Here are the basic rules:
 
1. If a neuter adjective ends in -ое, the nominative case ending is usually -ое for singular nouns and -ые for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| хорошее || ho-ro-she-e || good
| город || go-rod || city
|-
| хорошие || ho-ro-shi-ye || good
|}
 
2. If a neuter adjective ends in -ее, the nominative case ending is usually -ее for singular nouns and -ие for plural nouns.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| большее || bol'-she-e || big
| рука́ || ru-ká || hand
|-
|-
| большие || bol'-shi-ye || big
| язы́к || ya-zýk || language
|}
|}


Remember, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the endings of adjectives will change depending on the specific noun they are describing.
In the examples above, the masculine nouns have different endings depending on their final consonants or the presence of soft consonants. It's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for masculine nouns.


== Pronouns in the Nominative Case ==
=== Feminine Nouns ===


Pronouns, like nouns and adjectives, also have different forms in the nominative case. Here are the basic rules for forming the nominative case for pronouns:
Most feminine nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:


=== Personal Pronouns ===
* If the noun ends in "-а" or "-я", the ending is "-а" or "-я" respectively.
* If the noun ends in "-ь", the ending is dropped.


Personal pronouns in the nominative case are used to refer to people or things. Here are the basic forms of personal pronouns in the nominative case:
Here are some examples of feminine nouns in the Nominative case:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| я || ya || I
| ма́ма || má-ma || mother
|-
| ты || ty || you (singular, informal)
|-
|-
| он || on || he
| сестра́ || ses-trá || sister
|-
|-
| она || a-na || she
| кни́га || kneé-ga || book
|-
|-
| оно || a-no || it
| у́лица || ú-lee-tsa || street
|-
|-
| мы || my || we
| но́чь || noch' || night
|-
| вы || vy || you (singular or plural, formal)
|-
| они || a-ni || they
|}
|}


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
In the examples above, the feminine nouns have different endings depending on their final letters. Like masculine nouns, it's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for feminine nouns.


Demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case are used to point out specific people or things. Here are the basic forms of demonstrative pronouns in the nominative case:
=== Neuter Nouns ===


{| class="wikitable"
Most neuter nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| этот || e-tot || this (masculine)
|-
| эта || e-ta || this (feminine)
|-
| это || e-to || this (neuter)
|-
| эти || e-ti || these
|-
| тот || tot || that (masculine)
|-
| та || ta || that (feminine)
|-
| то || to || that (neuter)
|-
| те || te || those
|}


=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
* If the noun ends in "-о" or "-е", the ending is "-о" or "-е" respectively.


Interrogative pronouns in the nominative case are used to ask questions. Here are the basic forms of interrogative pronouns in the nominative case:
Here are some examples of neuter nouns in the Nominative case:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| кто || kto || who
| окно́ || ok-nó || window
|-
|-
| что || chto || what
| де́ло || dyé-la || thing
|-
|-
| какой || ka-koy || which
| мо́ре || mó-re || sea
|-
|-
| какая || ka-ka-ya || which
| небо́ || nyé-bo || sky
|-
|-
| какое || ka-ko-e || which
| солнце́ || soln-tsé || sun
|-
| какие || ka-ki-ye || which
|}
|}


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
In the examples above, the neuter nouns have different endings depending on their final letters. As with masculine and feminine nouns, it's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for neuter nouns.
 
Possessive pronouns in the nominative case are used to show ownership or possession. Here are the basic forms of possessive pronouns in the nominative case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| мой || moy || my (masculine)
|-
| моя || mo-ya || my (feminine)
|-
| моё || mo-yo || my (neuter)
|-
| мои || mo-i || my (plural)
|-
| твой || tvoi || your (singular, informal)
|-
| твоя || tvo-ya || your (singular, informal)
|-
| твоё || tvo-yo || your (singular, informal)
|-
| твои || tvo-i || your (plural)
|}
 
Again, these are just the basic forms of pronouns in the nominative case. There are additional forms and variations depending on the specific context and usage.


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations on making it through the lesson on the nominative case in Russian! You have learned the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns in the nominative case. This knowledge is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences in Russian.
Congratulations! You have now learned the basics of the Nominative case in Russian. The Nominative case is the default case for Russian nouns and is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. By understanding the gender of nouns and their corresponding declension patterns, you can correctly form nouns in the Nominative case.


Remember to practice using the nominative case in your speech and writing to reinforce what you have learned. As you continue your Russian language journey, you will encounter more complex grammar concepts and cases. Stay curious and keep exploring the rich and fascinating world of the Russian language!
In the next lesson, we will explore the Accusative case, which is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Keep practicing and building your knowledge of Russian grammar, and soon you will be able to confidently navigate the complexities of the Russian language!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar → Cases and Prepositions → Nominative Case
|title=Russian Grammar → Russian Nouns and Gender → Nominative Case
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian cases, Russian prepositions, nominative case, Russian nouns, Russian adjectives, Russian pronouns
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian nouns, Russian gender, Russian declension, Russian cases, Nominative case in Russian
|description=Introduction to the nominative case in Russian, which is used for the subject of a sentence. Learn the basic rules and endings for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Russian Nominative case, which is the default case for Russian nouns and indicates the subject of a sentence.
}}
}}


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===#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...===
===#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bAMDr2736k</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bAMDr2736k</youtube>




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* [https://www.thoughtco.com/nominative-case-russian-4773318 The Nominative Case in Russian: Usage and Examples]
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/nominative-case-russian-4773318 The Nominative Case in Russian: Usage and Examples]
* [https://unlockingrussian.com/2020/08/04/a-complete-guide-to-the-nominative-case-in-russian-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6/ A COMPLETE guide to the Nominative Case in Russian ...]
* [https://unlockingrussian.com/2020/08/04/a-complete-guide-to-the-nominative-case-in-russian-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6/ A COMPLETE guide to the Nominative Case in Russian ...]




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* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Tricky-Adverbs|Tricky Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Tricky-Adverbs|Tricky Adverbs]]




Latest revision as of 23:29, 16 June 2023

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositional Case ▶️

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Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Russian Nouns and Gender → Nominative Case

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the Nominative case in Russian! In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Nominative case and how to use it correctly with Russian nouns. The Nominative case is the default case for nouns in Russian, and it is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. Understanding and using the Nominative case correctly is essential for building a strong foundation in the Russian language. So let's dive in and explore the world of Russian nouns in the Nominative case!

Overview of Russian Nouns[edit | edit source]

Before we dive into the Nominative case, let's briefly review some key information about Russian nouns.

In Russian, nouns have three grammatical categories: gender, number, and case. Each noun is assigned a gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter), which affects the forms of adjectives and verbs that modify the noun. Nouns can also be singular or plural, indicating whether there is one or more than one of the noun. Finally, nouns have different forms, or cases, which indicate their grammatical role in a sentence.

Gender Recognition[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns are classified into three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Recognizing the gender of a noun is crucial because it determines the declension pattern that the noun follows in different cases.

To determine the gender of a noun, you can look at several clues. Firstly, the ending of the noun can give you a hint about its gender. For example, most nouns ending in "-а" or "-я" are feminine, while nouns ending in "-о" or "-е" are usually neuter. Secondly, you can also rely on the meaning of the noun. Many nouns referring to males are masculine, while nouns referring to females are feminine. However, there are exceptions, so it's important to learn the gender of each noun individually.

Let's take a look at some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
ма́ма má-ma mother
па́па pá-pa father
сестра́ ses-trá sister
брат brat brother
окно́ ok-nó window
де́ло dyé-la thing

As you can see from the examples above, the gender of a noun can vary, and it's important to memorize the gender of each noun along with its meaning.

Noun Cases Overview[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns have six different cases, each indicating a different grammatical role in a sentence. The six cases are: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. In this lesson, we will focus on the Nominative case.

The Nominative case is the default case for Russian nouns. It is used to indicate the subject of a sentence, the noun that performs the action of the verb. Nouns in the Nominative case are typically found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Let's see some examples of nouns in the Nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
кот kot cat
дом dom house
я́блоко yá-blá-ka apple
у́читель ú-chi-tyel' teacher
кни́га kneé-ga book

In the examples above, the nouns are in the Nominative case because they are the subjects of the sentences.

Nominative Case Endings[edit | edit source]

To form the Nominative case, nouns undergo changes in their endings depending on their gender and declension pattern. Let's take a closer look at the endings for each gender:

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most masculine nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:

  • If the noun ends in a consonant, the ending is "-ø" or "-и" (after soft consonants).
  • If the noun ends in "-й" or "-ь", the ending is dropped.

Here are some examples of masculine nouns in the Nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
стол stol table
челове́к che-lo-vék man
город go-rod city
рука́ ru-ká hand
язы́к ya-zýk language

In the examples above, the masculine nouns have different endings depending on their final consonants or the presence of soft consonants. It's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for masculine nouns.

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most feminine nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:

  • If the noun ends in "-а" or "-я", the ending is "-а" or "-я" respectively.
  • If the noun ends in "-ь", the ending is dropped.

Here are some examples of feminine nouns in the Nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
ма́ма má-ma mother
сестра́ ses-trá sister
кни́га kneé-ga book
у́лица ú-lee-tsa street
но́чь noch' night

In the examples above, the feminine nouns have different endings depending on their final letters. Like masculine nouns, it's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for feminine nouns.

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

Most neuter nouns have the following endings in the Nominative case:

  • If the noun ends in "-о" or "-е", the ending is "-о" or "-е" respectively.

Here are some examples of neuter nouns in the Nominative case:

Russian Pronunciation English
окно́ ok-nó window
де́ло dyé-la thing
мо́ре mó-re sea
небо́ nyé-bo sky
солнце́ soln-tsé sun

In the examples above, the neuter nouns have different endings depending on their final letters. As with masculine and feminine nouns, it's important to memorize the specific declension patterns for neuter nouns.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have now learned the basics of the Nominative case in Russian. The Nominative case is the default case for Russian nouns and is used to indicate the subject of a sentence. By understanding the gender of nouns and their corresponding declension patterns, you can correctly form nouns in the Nominative case.

In the next lesson, we will explore the Accusative case, which is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Keep practicing and building your knowledge of Russian grammar, and soon you will be able to confidently navigate the complexities of the Russian language!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

#49 Russian cases - Nominative case, Russian grammar - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Adjective Agreement in Russian (Nominative) - YouTube[edit | edit source]

#26 Russian Grammar: cases - nominative, genitive, dative ...[edit | edit source]



Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositional Case ▶️

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