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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian]]  → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adverbs and prepositions → Adverbs of time and location</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
Welcome to the lesson on adverbs of time and location in Standard Latvian grammar! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use adverbs to express time and location in Latvian sentences. Adverbs play a crucial role in providing additional information about when and where an action takes place, allowing us to communicate more effectively in everyday conversations.
Understanding adverbs of time and location is essential for building a solid foundation in the Latvian language. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use adverbs to express time and location in various contexts. We will provide numerous examples and exercises throughout the lesson to reinforce your understanding and help you practice your new skills.
So let's dive in and discover the world of adverbs of time and location in Latvian!
== Adverbs of Time ==
Adverbs of time in Latvian are used to indicate when an action takes place. They provide specific information about the timing or frequency of an event, allowing us to express the past, present, or future. Adverbs of time can refer to a specific moment, a duration, or a recurring event. Let's explore how to form and use adverbs of time in Latvian sentences.
=== Basic Adverbs of Time ===
In Latvian, there are several basic adverbs of time that are commonly used in everyday conversations. These adverbs can express general time frames or specific moments. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| tagad || ['ta.gat] || now
|-
| vakar || ['va.kar] || yesterday
|-
| šodien || ['ʃo.dien] || today
|-
| rīt || ['ri:t] || tomorrow
|-
| agrāk || ['a.ɡra:k] || earlier
|-
| vēlāk || ['ve:.la:k] || later
|-
| katru dienu || ['ka.tru 'di:.nu] || every day
|}
These adverbs can be used to provide specific information about when an action occurred or will occur. For example:
- "Es braucu uz Rīgu vakar." (I went to Riga yesterday.)
- "Mēs plānojam doties uz pludmali rīt." (We are planning to go to the beach tomorrow.)
=== Time Expressions with "Pirms" and "Pēc" ===
In Latvian, the prepositions "pirms" (before) and "pēc" (after) can be used to express time relationships. When combined with a noun or pronoun, they form time expressions that indicate an action occurring before or after a specific event. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| pirms pusdienas || ['pirms 'pus.di.e.nas] || before lunch
|-
| pēc darba || ['pe:c 'dar.ba] || after work
|-
| pirms vakariņām || ['pirms va.ka.ri.ɲa:m] || before dinner
|-
| pēc lekcijas || ['pe:c 'le:.kci.jas] || after the lecture
|}
These time expressions can be used to provide specific information about when an action takes place in relation to another event. For example:
- "Es iet uz veikalu pēc darba." (I go to the store after work.)
- "Viņš mācās pirms pusdienas." (He studies before lunch.)
=== Adverbs of Frequency ===
Adverbs of frequency in Latvian are used to express how often an action occurs. They provide information about the regularity or repetition of an event. Here are some common adverbs of frequency in Latvian:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| vienmēr || ['vi.en.me:r] || always
|-
| bieži || ['bie:.ʒi] || often
|-
| dažreiz || ['daʒ.reiz] || sometimes
|-
| reti || ['re:.ti] || rarely
|-
| nekad || ['ne.kad] || never
|}


<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar → Adverbs and prepositions → Adverbs of time and location</div>
These adverbs can be used to provide information about how frequently an action occurs. For example:


__TOC__
- "Es vienmēr izmantoju šo ceļu." (I always use this road.)
- "Viņa reti apmeklē koncertus." (She rarely attends concerts.)
 
=== Time Expressions with "Jau" and "Vēl" ===
 
In Latvian, the adverbs "jau" (already) and "vēl" (still/yet) can be used to express time relationships. When combined with a verb, they form time expressions that indicate an action occurring in relation to the present moment. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| jau tagad || ['jaʊ 'ta.gat] || already now
|-
| vēl ne || ['ve:l ne] || not yet
|-
| jau ilgu laiku || ['jaʊ 'il.gu 'lai.ku] || for a long time already
|-
| vēl aizvien || ['ve:l 'aiz.vi.en] || still
|}
 
These time expressions can be used to provide information about when an action has already occurred or is yet to happen. For example:
 
- "Viņš jau tagad ir mājās." (He is already at home now.)
- "Es vēl neesmu lasījis šo grāmatu." (I haven't read this book yet.)
 
== Adverbs of Location ==
 
Adverbs of location in Latvian are used to indicate where an action takes place. They provide specific information about the position or direction of an event, allowing us to describe the location of people, objects, or activities. Let's explore how to form and use adverbs of location in Latvian sentences.
 
=== Basic Adverbs of Location ===
 
In Latvian, there are several basic adverbs of location that are commonly used in everyday conversations. These adverbs can express general locations or specific directions. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| šeit || ['ʃeit] || here
|-
| tur || ['tur] || there
|-
| augšup || ['auk.ʃup] || up
|-
| lejup || ['le.jup] || down
|-
| iekšā || ['iek.ʃa: ] || inside
|-
| ārā || ['a:.ra:] || outside
|-
| blakus || ['bla.kus] || next to
|}


As a Latvian language teacher, I am excited to teach you about Adverbs of time and location in this Standard Latvian Grammar lesson. This is an important lesson to understand as adverbs of time and location are crucial components of Latvian sentences. They help to clarify when and where an action is taking place. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use adverbs of time and location in Latvian sentences with confidence.
These adverbs can be used to provide specific information about the location or direction of an action. For example:


- "Mēs iet tur." (We go there.)
- "Lūdzu, nāciet iekšā." (Please come inside.)


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
=== Adverbs of Direction ===
==What are Adverbs of time and location?==
Adverbs of time and location are words or phrases that modify the meaning of a verb, adjective, or other adverb by indicating when or where something happens. In Latvian, these adverbs come after the verb in a sentence. They can also occur at the beginning or end of a sentence to provide emphasis.


For example:
Adverbs of direction in Latvian are used to indicate the movement or direction of an action. They provide information about the path or route taken. Here are some common adverbs of direction in Latvian:


* Es biju tur vakar - "I was there yesterday"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| uz priekšu || ['uz pri:ʃu] || forward
|-
| atpakaļ || ['at.pa.kaɬ] || backward
|-
| pa labi || ['pa la.bi] || to the right
|-
| pa kreisi || ['pa kre:.si] || to the left
|-
| garām || ['ga.ra:m] || past
|}


In this sentence, "vakar" (yesterday) is the adverb of time, modifying the verb "biju" (was). Similarly, in the sentence below, "tur" (there) is the adverb of location, modifying the verb "bija" (were):
These adverbs can be used to provide information about the direction in which an action is taking place. For example:


* Viņi bija tur - "They were there"
- "Iet uz priekšu līdz krustojumam." (Go forward until the intersection.)
- "Pagriezieties pa kreisi pie nākamās ielas." (Turn left at the next street.)


Now that we understand what adverbs of time and location are, let's learn how to form them in Latvian sentences.
== Cultural Insights ==


==Forming Adverbs of time==
Latvian culture places a strong emphasis on punctuality and respect for time. It is considered rude to be late for appointments or meetings, so it is important to use adverbs of time accurately when making plans or discussing schedules in Latvian. Latvians value efficiency and appreciate when others are punctual and organized.
In Latvian, adverbs of time are usually formed by adding the suffix -i to the end of the corresponding noun or adjective. For example:


* diena (day) → dienai (daytime)
In terms of adverbs of location, Latvian culture also values personal space and privacy. It is customary to respect the personal boundaries of others and avoid standing too close or invading someone's personal space. Adverbs of location can be used to indicate distance and proximity, allowing for clear communication and respectful interactions.
* naktis (night) → naktī (at night)
* rita (morning) → rītus (in the morning)


It is important to note that some nouns and adjectives may require additional changes before adding the -i suffix. Here are some examples:
Historically, Latvia has been influenced by various neighboring cultures, including German, Swedish, Polish, and Russian. These influences have shaped the Latvian language and culture, leading to a rich linguistic and cultural heritage. Adverbs of time and location in Latvian reflect this diversity and provide a unique insight into the historical development of the language.


* vakars (evening) → vakarā (in the evening)
== Exercises ==
* mēnesis (month) → mēnesī (in the month)
* gads (year) → gadā (in the year)


Here are some further examples of adverbs of time in Latvian sentences:
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of adverbs of time and location in Latvian.
 
=== Exercise 1: Adverbs of Time ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences using the adverbs of time provided in the table:
 
Example: Es ejos uz skolu katru dienu. (I go to school every day.)
Rewritten: Es ejos uz skolu _____. (I go to school _____.)


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sentence !! Adverb of Time
|-
| Viņš lasa grāmatu vakar. || tagad
|-
|-
| Pēc pusotra mēneša || Pēc pusotra mēneša || After a month and a half
| Mēs sākam darbu rīt. || jau
|-
|-
| Nākamnedēļ || Naa-kaam-nee-deel || Next week
| Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu agrāk. || vēlāk
|-
|-
| Ierodoties plkst. 5 || Yeh-road-doh-tees plkst. Pieci || Arriving at 5 o'clock
| Viņa trenējas katru dienu. || reti
|}
|}


==Forming Adverbs of location==
=== Exercise 2: Adverbs of Location ===
Adverbs of location describe where an action is taking place. In Latvian, these adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -ā or -s on the end of the corresponding noun, depending on the gender. For example:


* bārs (bar) → bārā (in the bar - masculine)
Complete the following sentences using the adverbs of location provided in the table:
* māja (house) → mājā (in the house - feminine)
* ceļš (road) → ceļā (on the road - masculine)


Let's look at some examples of adverbs of location in Latvian sentences:
Example: Lūdzu, nāciet _____! (Please come _____.)
Answer: Lūdzu, nāciet šeit! (Please come here!)


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sentence !! Adverb of Location
|-
|-
| Viņi dzīvo laukos || Vee-ni d-zii-vo lau-kos || They live in the countryside
| Es redzu to _____! || tur
|-
|-
| Mēs staigājām pa pilsētu || Mays stie-gaa-yaa-m paa pils-e-tu || We walked around the city
| Viņš staigā _____! || ārā
|-
|-
| Es daru darbu birojā || Ess dar-oo dar-bu bee-ro-ya || I am working in the office
| Mēs iet _____! || augšup
|-
| Lūdzu, apstājieties _____! || blakus
|}
|}


It is essential to note that some adverbs of location have different forms based on the preposition used in the sentence. Here are some examples:
== Solutions ==


* uz laukiem (to the countryside)
=== Exercise 1: Adverbs of Time ===
* ar autobusu (by bus)
* par upi (over the river)


You will note that in the first example above, the preposition "uz" requires the adverb of location to take the -os ending. In the second example, the preposition "ar" requires the adverb to take the -ī ending for masculine nouns, while the third example requires the adverb to take the -i ending for feminine nouns. This difference is called "preposition case" and will be discussed in detail in the "Prepositions and their cases" lesson.
Rewritten sentences:


==Conclusion==
- Es ejos uz skolu katru dienu. (I go to school every day.)
In this lesson, we have learned how to form and use adverbs of time and location in Latvian sentences. Adverbs of time describe when an action is taking place, while adverbs of location describe where the action is happening. It is essential to know the different forms and suffixes required to form adverbs correctly in Latvian sentences.
- Es ejos uz skolu tagad. (I go to school now.)


In the next lesson, we will delve further into prepositions in Latvian sentences and how they interact with cases. Stay tuned!
- Viņš lasa grāmatu vakar. (He reads a book yesterday.)
- Viņš lasa grāmatu jau. (He reads a book already.)


- Mēs sākam darbu rīt. (We start work tomorrow.)
- Mēs sākam darbu vēlāk. (We start work later.)
- Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu agrāk. (I have sung this song earlier.)
- Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu vēlāk. (I have sung this song later.)
- Viņa trenējas katru dienu. (She trains every day.)
- Viņa trenējas reti. (She trains rarely.)
=== Exercise 2: Adverbs of Location ===
Completed sentences:
- Es redzu to tur! (I see it there!)
- Viņš staigā ārā! (He walks outside!)
- Mēs iet augšup! (We go up!)
- Lūdzu, apstājieties blakus! (Please stop next to!)
Well done! You have successfully completed the exercises.
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations on completing the lesson on adverbs of time and location in Standard Latvian grammar! In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use adverbs to express time and location in Latvian sentences. You have explored various adverbs of time and location and practiced using them in context.
Adverbs of time and location are essential for effective communication in Latvian, allowing you to express when and where an action takes place. By mastering these adverbs, you will be able to engage in more meaningful conversations and accurately convey information about timing and location.
Keep practicing and incorporating adverbs of time and location into your everyday conversations. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. Next, we will delve into the topic of prepositions and their corresponding cases in Latvian sentences.
Well done, and see you in the next lesson!


<span link>Congratulations on finishing this lesson! Explore these related pages to keep learning: [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Nouns-and-their-declensions|Nouns and their declensions]] & [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].</span>
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|title=Standard Latvian Grammar → Adverbs and prepositions → Adverbs of time and location
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|description=Discover how to form and use adverbs of time and location in Latvian sentences. Learn about Latvian culture and customs related to adverbs. Practice exercises included.
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==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]


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Latest revision as of 01:17, 21 June 2023

◀️ Latvian nature and national parks — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions and their cases ▶️

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Standard Latvian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adverbs and prepositions → Adverbs of time and location

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on adverbs of time and location in Standard Latvian grammar! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use adverbs to express time and location in Latvian sentences. Adverbs play a crucial role in providing additional information about when and where an action takes place, allowing us to communicate more effectively in everyday conversations.

Understanding adverbs of time and location is essential for building a solid foundation in the Latvian language. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use adverbs to express time and location in various contexts. We will provide numerous examples and exercises throughout the lesson to reinforce your understanding and help you practice your new skills.

So let's dive in and discover the world of adverbs of time and location in Latvian!

Adverbs of Time[edit | edit source]

Adverbs of time in Latvian are used to indicate when an action takes place. They provide specific information about the timing or frequency of an event, allowing us to express the past, present, or future. Adverbs of time can refer to a specific moment, a duration, or a recurring event. Let's explore how to form and use adverbs of time in Latvian sentences.

Basic Adverbs of Time[edit | edit source]

In Latvian, there are several basic adverbs of time that are commonly used in everyday conversations. These adverbs can express general time frames or specific moments. Here are some examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
tagad ['ta.gat] now
vakar ['va.kar] yesterday
šodien ['ʃo.dien] today
rīt ['ri:t] tomorrow
agrāk ['a.ɡra:k] earlier
vēlāk ['ve:.la:k] later
katru dienu ['ka.tru 'di:.nu] every day

These adverbs can be used to provide specific information about when an action occurred or will occur. For example:

- "Es braucu uz Rīgu vakar." (I went to Riga yesterday.) - "Mēs plānojam doties uz pludmali rīt." (We are planning to go to the beach tomorrow.)

Time Expressions with "Pirms" and "Pēc"[edit | edit source]

In Latvian, the prepositions "pirms" (before) and "pēc" (after) can be used to express time relationships. When combined with a noun or pronoun, they form time expressions that indicate an action occurring before or after a specific event. Here are some examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
pirms pusdienas ['pirms 'pus.di.e.nas] before lunch
pēc darba ['pe:c 'dar.ba] after work
pirms vakariņām ['pirms va.ka.ri.ɲa:m] before dinner
pēc lekcijas ['pe:c 'le:.kci.jas] after the lecture

These time expressions can be used to provide specific information about when an action takes place in relation to another event. For example:

- "Es iet uz veikalu pēc darba." (I go to the store after work.) - "Viņš mācās pirms pusdienas." (He studies before lunch.)

Adverbs of Frequency[edit | edit source]

Adverbs of frequency in Latvian are used to express how often an action occurs. They provide information about the regularity or repetition of an event. Here are some common adverbs of frequency in Latvian:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
vienmēr ['vi.en.me:r] always
bieži ['bie:.ʒi] often
dažreiz ['daʒ.reiz] sometimes
reti ['re:.ti] rarely
nekad ['ne.kad] never

These adverbs can be used to provide information about how frequently an action occurs. For example:

- "Es vienmēr izmantoju šo ceļu." (I always use this road.) - "Viņa reti apmeklē koncertus." (She rarely attends concerts.)

Time Expressions with "Jau" and "Vēl"[edit | edit source]

In Latvian, the adverbs "jau" (already) and "vēl" (still/yet) can be used to express time relationships. When combined with a verb, they form time expressions that indicate an action occurring in relation to the present moment. Here are some examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
jau tagad ['jaʊ 'ta.gat] already now
vēl ne ['ve:l ne] not yet
jau ilgu laiku ['jaʊ 'il.gu 'lai.ku] for a long time already
vēl aizvien ['ve:l 'aiz.vi.en] still

These time expressions can be used to provide information about when an action has already occurred or is yet to happen. For example:

- "Viņš jau tagad ir mājās." (He is already at home now.) - "Es vēl neesmu lasījis šo grāmatu." (I haven't read this book yet.)

Adverbs of Location[edit | edit source]

Adverbs of location in Latvian are used to indicate where an action takes place. They provide specific information about the position or direction of an event, allowing us to describe the location of people, objects, or activities. Let's explore how to form and use adverbs of location in Latvian sentences.

Basic Adverbs of Location[edit | edit source]

In Latvian, there are several basic adverbs of location that are commonly used in everyday conversations. These adverbs can express general locations or specific directions. Here are some examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
šeit ['ʃeit] here
tur ['tur] there
augšup ['auk.ʃup] up
lejup ['le.jup] down
iekšā ['iek.ʃa: ] inside
ārā ['a:.ra:] outside
blakus ['bla.kus] next to

These adverbs can be used to provide specific information about the location or direction of an action. For example:

- "Mēs iet tur." (We go there.) - "Lūdzu, nāciet iekšā." (Please come inside.)

Adverbs of Direction[edit | edit source]

Adverbs of direction in Latvian are used to indicate the movement or direction of an action. They provide information about the path or route taken. Here are some common adverbs of direction in Latvian:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English Translation
uz priekšu ['uz pri:ʃu] forward
atpakaļ ['at.pa.kaɬ] backward
pa labi ['pa la.bi] to the right
pa kreisi ['pa kre:.si] to the left
garām ['ga.ra:m] past

These adverbs can be used to provide information about the direction in which an action is taking place. For example:

- "Iet uz priekšu līdz krustojumam." (Go forward until the intersection.) - "Pagriezieties pa kreisi pie nākamās ielas." (Turn left at the next street.)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Latvian culture places a strong emphasis on punctuality and respect for time. It is considered rude to be late for appointments or meetings, so it is important to use adverbs of time accurately when making plans or discussing schedules in Latvian. Latvians value efficiency and appreciate when others are punctual and organized.

In terms of adverbs of location, Latvian culture also values personal space and privacy. It is customary to respect the personal boundaries of others and avoid standing too close or invading someone's personal space. Adverbs of location can be used to indicate distance and proximity, allowing for clear communication and respectful interactions.

Historically, Latvia has been influenced by various neighboring cultures, including German, Swedish, Polish, and Russian. These influences have shaped the Latvian language and culture, leading to a rich linguistic and cultural heritage. Adverbs of time and location in Latvian reflect this diversity and provide a unique insight into the historical development of the language.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of adverbs of time and location in Latvian.

Exercise 1: Adverbs of Time[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences using the adverbs of time provided in the table:

Example: Es ejos uz skolu katru dienu. (I go to school every day.) Rewritten: Es ejos uz skolu _____. (I go to school _____.)

Sentence Adverb of Time
Viņš lasa grāmatu vakar. tagad
Mēs sākam darbu rīt. jau
Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu agrāk. vēlāk
Viņa trenējas katru dienu. reti

Exercise 2: Adverbs of Location[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences using the adverbs of location provided in the table:

Example: Lūdzu, nāciet _____! (Please come _____.) Answer: Lūdzu, nāciet šeit! (Please come here!)

Sentence Adverb of Location
Es redzu to _____! tur
Viņš staigā _____! ārā
Mēs iet _____! augšup
Lūdzu, apstājieties _____! blakus

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Adverbs of Time[edit | edit source]

Rewritten sentences:

- Es ejos uz skolu katru dienu. (I go to school every day.) - Es ejos uz skolu tagad. (I go to school now.)

- Viņš lasa grāmatu vakar. (He reads a book yesterday.) - Viņš lasa grāmatu jau. (He reads a book already.)

- Mēs sākam darbu rīt. (We start work tomorrow.) - Mēs sākam darbu vēlāk. (We start work later.)

- Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu agrāk. (I have sung this song earlier.) - Es esmu dziedājis šo dziesmu vēlāk. (I have sung this song later.)

- Viņa trenējas katru dienu. (She trains every day.) - Viņa trenējas reti. (She trains rarely.)

Exercise 2: Adverbs of Location[edit | edit source]

Completed sentences:

- Es redzu to tur! (I see it there!)

- Viņš staigā ārā! (He walks outside!)

- Mēs iet augšup! (We go up!)

- Lūdzu, apstājieties blakus! (Please stop next to!)

Well done! You have successfully completed the exercises.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on adverbs of time and location in Standard Latvian grammar! In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use adverbs to express time and location in Latvian sentences. You have explored various adverbs of time and location and practiced using them in context.

Adverbs of time and location are essential for effective communication in Latvian, allowing you to express when and where an action takes place. By mastering these adverbs, you will be able to engage in more meaningful conversations and accurately convey information about timing and location.

Keep practicing and incorporating adverbs of time and location into your everyday conversations. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. Next, we will delve into the topic of prepositions and their corresponding cases in Latvian sentences.

Well done, and see you in the next lesson!

Table of Contents - Standard Latvian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Latvian grammar


Daily life and routines


Latvian traditions and customs


Verbs and tenses


Going shopping and using public transport


Latvian geography and landmarks


Adverbs and prepositions


Leisure activities and hobbies


Latvian arts and museums


The accusative case and indirect objects


Education and employment


Latvian history and politics


Conditional and subjunctive mood


Travel and tourism


Latvian culture and identity


The genitive and possessive forms


Health and wellness


Latvian sports and outdoor activities



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Latvian nature and national parks — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Prepositions and their cases ▶️

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