Language/French/Grammar/Gender-and-Number-of-Nouns/ja
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In this French language lesson, we will learn the gender and number of nouns.
French nouns can be masculine or feminine and singular or plural. It's important to learn the gender and number of each noun, because it affects the articles, adjectives, and pronouns that you use with it.
- Gender ###
In French, there are no strict rules for determining the gender of a noun. Generally, nouns that refer to males or have a masculine quality are masculine, while nouns that refer to females or have a feminine quality are feminine. However, there are many exceptions, so it's important to memorize the gender of each noun.
Here are some general guidelines for determining the gender of French nouns:
- Most nouns that refer to males are masculine, and most nouns that refer to females are feminine. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
homme | /ɔm/ | man |
garçon | /gaʁsɔ̃/ | boy |
père | /pɛʁ/ | father |
fils | /fis/ | son |
oncle | /ɔ̃kl/ | uncle |
- Nouns that refer to objects or concepts generally have the same gender as their English counterparts. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
livre | /livʁ/ | book |
voiture | /vwatyʁ/ | car |
maison | /mɛzɔ̃/ | house |
musique | /myzik/ | music |
idée | /ide/ | idea |
- Some endings are often associated with a certain gender. Examples:
Masculine endings: -eur, -age, -isme, -acle, -oire
Feminine endings: -tion, -sion, -ude, -ence, -ance
Here are some common nouns that follow these patterns:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
acteur | /aktœʁ/ | actor (m.) |
voyage | /vwajaʒ/ | trip, travel (m.) |
tourisme | /tuʁizm/ | tourism (m.) |
miracle | /miʁakl/ | miracle (m.) |
histoire | /istwaʁ/ | story, history (f.) |
nation | /nasjɔ̃/ | nation (f.) |
habitude | /abityd/ | habit (f.) |
présence | /pʁezɑ̃s/ | presence (f.) |
enfance | /ɑ̃fɑ̃s/ | childhood (f.) |
- Number ###
In French, nouns can be singular or plural, and the form of the noun, as well as the articles and adjectives that go with it, changes based on its number.
Here are some general rules for forming the plural of French nouns:
- For most nouns, the plural is formed by adding -s to the singular form. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
livre | /livʁ/ | book |
livres | /livʁ/ | books |
voiture | /vwatyʁ/ | car |
voitures | /vwatyʁ/ | cars |
maison | /mɛzɔ̃/ | house |
maisons | /mɛzɔ̃/ | houses |
- For nouns ending in -s, -x, or -z, the plural is usually the same as the singular. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
nez | /ne/ | nose |
nez | /ne/ | noses |
prix | /pʁi/ | price |
prix | /pʁi/ | prices |
fils | /fis/ | son |
fils | /fis/ | sons |
- For nouns ending in -au, the plural is formed by adding -x. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
bureau | /byʁo/ | office, desk |
bureaux | /byʁo/ | offices, desks |
- For nouns ending in -eu, the plural is formed by adding -x or -s. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
feu | /fø/ | fire |
feux | /fø/ | fires |
neveu | /nəvø/ | nephew |
neveux | /nəvø/ | nephews |
- For nouns ending in -al, the plural is formed by adding -aux. Examples:
French | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
cheval | /ʃəval/ | horse |
chevaux | /ʃəvo/ | horses |
journal | /ʒuʁnal/ | newspaper |
journaux | /ʒuʁno/ | newspapers |
Remember, there are many exceptions to these rules, so it's important to memorize the plural form of each noun.
That's it for today's lesson! Make sure to practice using the gender and number of French nouns as much as you can. It takes time to memorize all of the rules and exceptions, but with practice, you'll get the hang of it in no time!
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その他のレッスン[編集 | ソースを編集]
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- Passé Composé
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