Language/French/Grammar/Gender-and-Number-of-Nouns/ja

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フランス語 → 文法 → 0からA1レベル → 名詞の性と数

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In this French language lesson, we will learn the gender and number of nouns.

French nouns can be masculine or feminine and singular or plural. It's important to learn the gender and number of each noun, because it affects the articles, adjectives, and pronouns that you use with it.

      1. Gender ###

In French, there are no strict rules for determining the gender of a noun. Generally, nouns that refer to males or have a masculine quality are masculine, while nouns that refer to females or have a feminine quality are feminine. However, there are many exceptions, so it's important to memorize the gender of each noun.

Here are some general guidelines for determining the gender of French nouns:

  • Most nouns that refer to males are masculine, and most nouns that refer to females are feminine. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
homme /ɔm/ man
garçon /gaʁsɔ̃/ boy
père /pɛʁ/ father
fils /fis/ son
oncle /ɔ̃kl/ uncle
  • Nouns that refer to objects or concepts generally have the same gender as their English counterparts. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
livre /livʁ/ book
voiture /vwatyʁ/ car
maison /mɛzɔ̃/ house
musique /myzik/ music
idée /ide/ idea
  • Some endings are often associated with a certain gender. Examples:

Masculine endings: -eur, -age, -isme, -acle, -oire

Feminine endings: -tion, -sion, -ude, -ence, -ance

Here are some common nouns that follow these patterns:

French Pronunciation English
acteur /aktœʁ/ actor (m.)
voyage /vwajaʒ/ trip, travel (m.)
tourisme /tuʁizm/ tourism (m.)
miracle /miʁakl/ miracle (m.)
histoire /istwaʁ/ story, history (f.)
nation /nasjɔ̃/ nation (f.)
habitude /abityd/ habit (f.)
présence /pʁezɑ̃s/ presence (f.)
enfance /ɑ̃fɑ̃s/ childhood (f.)
      1. Number ###

In French, nouns can be singular or plural, and the form of the noun, as well as the articles and adjectives that go with it, changes based on its number.

Here are some general rules for forming the plural of French nouns:

  • For most nouns, the plural is formed by adding -s to the singular form. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
livre /livʁ/ book
livres /livʁ/ books
voiture /vwatyʁ/ car
voitures /vwatyʁ/ cars
maison /mɛzɔ̃/ house
maisons /mɛzɔ̃/ houses
  • For nouns ending in -s, -x, or -z, the plural is usually the same as the singular. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
nez /ne/ nose
nez /ne/ noses
prix /pʁi/ price
prix /pʁi/ prices
fils /fis/ son
fils /fis/ sons
  • For nouns ending in -au, the plural is formed by adding -x. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
bureau /byʁo/ office, desk
bureaux /byʁo/ offices, desks
  • For nouns ending in -eu, the plural is formed by adding -x or -s. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
feu /fø/ fire
feux /fø/ fires
neveu /nəvø/ nephew
neveux /nəvø/ nephews
  • For nouns ending in -al, the plural is formed by adding -aux. Examples:
French Pronunciation English
cheval /ʃəval/ horse
chevaux /ʃəvo/ horses
journal /ʒuʁnal/ newspaper
journaux /ʒuʁno/ newspapers

Remember, there are many exceptions to these rules, so it's important to memorize the plural form of each noun.

That's it for today's lesson! Make sure to practice using the gender and number of French nouns as much as you can. It takes time to memorize all of the rules and exceptions, but with practice, you'll get the hang of it in no time!

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フランス語講座の目次-0からA1まで[ソースを編集]

アルファベットと発音

名詞と冠詞

動詞と時制

形容詞と副詞

否定と疑問

数字と時間

家族と関係性

食べ物と飲み物

趣味と興味

地理と旅行

フランス文化と芸術

フランスの歴史と社会


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