Language/Polish/Grammar/Prepositions
Hi Polish Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to use Prepositions in Polish.
- which one to use?
- under what conditions? or when?
Here are some explanations...
Happy learning!
Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Cases, Gender, Definite and Indefinite Articles & być to be.
Different kinds of prepositions in Polish and examples of use[edit | edit source]
The preposition NAD
[edit | edit source]
- When the verb expresses a displacement , the preposition nad is followed by the accusative.
➡ Example: My jedziemy nad morze , a dzieci nad jezioro We go to the seaside, and the children, to the shores of a lake.
- When the verb does not express displacement , the preposition nad is followed by the instrumental .
➡ Example: My spędzamy wakacje nad morzem , a dzieci nad jeziorem . We spend the holidays by the sea, and the children by a lake.
The preposition W
followed by the accusative[edit | edit source]
- It is used to express a complement of time, in particular the days of the week: w ponieziałek, we wtorek, w środę, w czwartek .........
➡ Example:
- Kiedy będziesz w domu ? Będę w domu w poniedziałek - When will you be home? I'll be home on Monday .
- In some cases, the preposition
w
indicates the destination.
➡ Example: Pojedziemy w góry - We will go to the mountain.
NB: w has the long form we in front of certain groups of consonants.
The preposition za
[edit | edit source]
- In a temporal sense, it is followed by the accusative and indicates how soon an action will take place.
➡ Example:
- pojedziemy na wakacje za tydzień. We will be going on vacation in a week.
Or:
- Za godzinę wyjeżdżam do Warszawy. In an hour, I'm leaving for Warsaw.
The prepositions od
and do
[edit | edit source]
They are followed by the genitive. The complements introduced by these prepositions mark an interval:
in time[edit | edit source]
➡ Example:
- Będę tam od wtorku do soboty = I will be there from Tuesday to Saturday.
- Od godziny czekam na ciebie = I've been waiting for you for an hour.
- Mam dwiegodziny do odjazdu = I have two hours until (before) my departure.
in space[edit | edit source]
➡ Example:
- Od przystanku autobusowego do teatru jest jeszcze daleko. It's still a long way from the bus stop to the theater.
The CO
particle[edit | edit source]
The particle co preceding a name with temporal value marks the periodicity.
- Co godzina = Every hour (every hour)
- Co dzień = Every day (every day)
- Co drugi dzień = Every other day
- Co dwa dni = every two days
- Co niedziela = Every Sunday (every Sunday)
- Co tydzień = Every week (every week)
- Co miesiąc = Every month (every month)
- Co rok or co roku = Every year (every year)
- Co dwa lata = Every two years
List and translations of prepositions[edit | edit source]
Examples of use[edit | edit source]
Prepositions | Polish prepositions |
---|---|
prepositions | Przyimki |
interior of the house | w domu |
car exterior | poza samochodem |
with me | ze mną |
without him | bez niego |
under the table | pod stołem |
after tomorrow | pojutrze |
before sunset | przed zachodem słońca |
but i'm busy | ale jestem zajęta (gender) |
List[edit | edit source]
Main prepositions[edit | edit source]
English | Polish |
---|---|
at | w |
against | przeciwko |
about | o |
below | poniżej |
before | przed |
between | pomiędzy |
behind | za |
but | ale |
during | w trakcie |
from | z |
in | w |
of | z |
on | na |
under | pod |
with | z |
without | bez |
Complete list of prepositions[edit | edit source]
One word Prepositions[edit | edit source]
English | Polish |
---|---|
on | o |
above | powyżej |
through | przez |
after | za/ po |
vs | naprzeciw |
Between | między |
around | około |
like | jako |
at | na, w, u, przy |
before | przed |
behind | za |
below | poniżej |
under | pod |
beside | przy |
Between | między |
beyond | poza |
corn | ale |
through | przez |
despite | mimo |
down | w dół |
during | podczas |
except | poza |
for | dla |
from | z |
in | na |
inside | wewnątrz |
in | w |
near | blisko |
next | obok |
of | z |
on | na |
opposite | naprzeciwko |
out | poza |
outside | na zewnątrz |
on | przez |
for | za/ na |
more | plus |
around | naokoło |
since | ponieważ/ od/ odkąd |
than | niż |
through | przez |
up to | do |
at | do |
toward | ku |
under | pod |
contrary to | inaczej |
until | do |
up to | w górę |
through | przez |
with | z |
in | w ciągu |
without | bez |
Two words Prepositions[edit | edit source]
English | Polish |
---|---|
two words | dwa słowa |
according to | zgodnie z |
because | z powodu |
beside | w pobliżu |
due to | ze względu na |
with the exception of | z wyjątkiem |
far from | z dala od |
inside | wewnątrz |
instead of | zamiast |
near | blisko |
beside | obok |
apart from | poza |
before | przed |
Three words Prepositions[edit | edit source]
English | Polish |
---|---|
three words | trzy słowa |
as much as | o ile |
as good as | oraz |
in addition to | dodatkowo |
in front of | przed |
despite | wbrew |
on behalf of | w imieniu |
above | dodatkowo |
demonstrative pronouns | zaimki wskazujące |
that this | to |
that one, that one | tamto |
those | te |
those | tamtych |
The prepositions as declination indices[edit | edit source]
declination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Similar French preposition | genitive | dative | accusative | instrumental | rental |
to (direction), from, for | do, od, dla | ||||
at (place) | u | ||||
next to, near, among / between | obok, koło, wśród | ||||
without, except | bez, oprócz | ||||
with, from | z, ze | z, ze | |||
toward | ku | ||||
thanks to | dzięki | ||||
against | wbrew | ||||
by, through | przez | ||||
at (place), on, after | na, o, po | na, o, po | |||
behind, under | za, pod | za, pod | |||
in | w, we | w, we | |||
in front of | przy | ||||
through, among / between, on (space) | przed, między, nad | przed, między, nad |
Sources[edit | edit source]
Videos[edit | edit source]
Difference Between Prepositions Na and Do - Basic Polish Grammar ...[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- How to Use Be
- Plurals
- Definite Articles in Polish
- How to Use Have
- Be Polite
- Gender
- Possessive Case in Polish
- Adverbs
- mieć to have
- Conditional Mood