Language/Tajik/Grammar/Negation
Hi Tajik learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on Tajik negation. We will learn how to negate verbs, adjectives, and pronouns using the negative particle "на," as well as some other negative expressions.
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Give your Opinion, Nouns, Using Conjunctions & How to Use Be.
Negating verbs[edit | edit source]
In Tajik, we negate verbs by using the negative particle "на" before the verb. For example, let's take the verb "гап задан" (to speak):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
гап мезанад | gap mezana:d | (he/she) speaks |
на+гап мезанад | na-gap mezana:d | (he/she) doesn't speak |
As you can see, we simply add "на" before the verb "гап мезанад" to negate it.
Here is another example with the verb "кушоҳандан" (to eat):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ман кӯб кӯдӣ кардам | man ku:b ku:di: kardam | I ate a lot |
ман на+кушоҳандам | man na-kushohandam | I didn't eat |
Again, we add "на" before the verb "кушоҳандам" to negate it.
Now let's see how to negate present and past tense verbs in the negative imperative form.
We use the negative particle "на" after the imperative verb to make it negative. Here is an example with the verb "бефарма" (to do):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
бефарма! | befarma! | (do it)! |
бефармана! | befarma:na! | don't do it! |
For past tense, we use the negative particle "на" before the past participle of the verb. For example, with the verb "кушоҳандан" (to eat):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ман нан oхир кӯштам | man nan okhir ku:shtam | I ate bread at last |
ман нан oхир на+хӯрок кӯшта ҳастам | man nan okhir na-khu:rok ku:sta hastam | I didn't eat anything except bread |
We use "на" before the past participle "хӯрок кӯшта" to make it negative.
Negating adjectives[edit | edit source]
In Tajik, we negate adjectives by using the negative particle "на" before the adjective. For example:
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
хуб | khub | good |
на+хуб | na-khub | not good |
Here is another example with the adjective "зиёд" (much):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
онҳо зиёд медонанд | onho zi:yod medonand | they know a lot |
онҳо на+зиёд медонанд | onho na-zi:yod medonand | they don't know much |
As you can see, we simply add "на" before the adjective to negate it.
Negating pronouns[edit | edit source]
In Tajik, we negate pronouns by using the negative particle "на" before the pronoun. For example:
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ман | man | I |
на+ман | na-man | not I (not me) |
Here is another example with the pronoun "ун" (he/she):
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ба он рафт | ba on raft | he/she went |
ба на+он рафт | ba na-on raft | he/she didn't go |
As you can see, we simply add "на" before the pronoun to negate it.
Other negative expressions[edit | edit source]
In Tajik, we can also use other expressions to convey negation. The most common ones are:
- "ҳеҷ" (nothing, none)
- "ҳеҷ чиз" (nothing, none)
- "кор накарда" (not done, undone)
Here are some examples:
- "Ҳеҷ пӯш мехоранд." (They don't eat anything.)
- "Ҳеҷ чиз чашмон машинӣ надоранд." (They don't have anything, not even a car.)
- "Вай кори молоҳедаро кор накарда." (He didn't do the work of his employers.)
Always remember that in Tajik, we use the negative particle "на" before the verb, adjective, pronoun or expression to make it negative.
Let's practice a little bit with a dialogue:
- Person 1: Ту бо ман сӯҳбат мекунеш? (Do you talk to me?)
- Person 2: На, ман бо ту сӯҳбат намекунам. (No, I don't talk to you.)
Summary[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we learned how to negate verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and expressions in Tajik using the negative particle "на." We also learned some other negative expressions like "ҳеҷ" and "кор накарда." Remember to practice and ask native speakers any questions you may have.
To improve your Tajik Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Sources[edit | edit source]
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Future Tense
- How to Use Be
- Pronouns
- Gender
- Adjectives
- Give your Opinion
- Conditional Mood
- Plurals
- Nouns