Language/Somali/Culture/Somalia-Timeline

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Historical Timeline for Somalia - A chronology of key events
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Somalia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Somalia Timeline[edit | edit source]

1887 - 2004[edit | edit source]

1887 creation of Somaliland, a British protectorate, in this region disputed since the 19th century between Egypt, Great Britain and Italy.
1905 birth of Italian Somalia.
1936 with Ethiopia and Eritrea, Somalia is integrated into Mussolini's Italian East Africa.
1940 Great Britain evacuates Somaliland ...
1941 ... then reoccupies it, as well as Italian Somalia and the Ogaden (Ethiopia). She will administer this set for 9 years.
1948 Great Britain cedes the Ogaden to Ethiopia.
1950 the UN places the country under Italian supervision.
1960 proclamation of independence.
1969 General Syad Barre seizes power.
1975 Somalia lines up with the Soviet camp in exchange for military aid.
1977-78 the "Ogaden war" against Ethiopia, supported by the USSR, ends in failure for Somalia. This breaks with Moscow.
1990 the capital rises against the dictator Syad Barre.
January 1991 General Syad Barre is overthrown by the Congressional rebels of Unified Somalia. Ali Mahdi Mohamed becomes head of state.
May 1991 The Somali National Movement proclaims the independence of Somaliland (former British Somalia).
November 1991 Ali Mahdi Mohamed is overthrown by his ally, General Mohamed Farah Aïdid
1991-1992 clashes between clans and a catastrophic drought cause severe famine.
December 1992 George Bush (father) launches the military-humanitarian operation "Restore Hope", placed under the aegis of the UN. It will count up to 38,000 men, including 28,000 Americans.
May 1993 the United Nations takes over (Onusom II).
June 1993 An ambush kills 24 among the peacekeepers. The UN launches an offensive against General Aidid.
October 1993 18 American soldiers are killed. President Bill Clinton announces the gradual withdrawal of American troops.
March 1994 departure of the last American soldiers.
1995 end of the withdrawal of the last 8,000 peacekeepers. The country is divided into several regions controlled by military factions that fight each other.
1996 Hussein Mohamed Aïdid succeeds his father upon the latter's death.
1998 Puntland (northeast of the country) proclaims itself an autonomous region.
2000 the Arta conference, under the aegis of the UN, is as fruitless as the twelve previous peace agreements.
2002 opening of a new national reconciliation conference in Eldoret, under the aegis of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for Development, regional organization of the Horn of Africa).
July 2003 the Reconciliation Conference leads to a draft national charter providing for federalism.

2004[edit | edit source]

January an agreement between the warlords leads to the creation of an interim parliament.
August the transitional parliament is inaugurated in Nairobi (Kenya), place of talks, the security conditions not being met for it to sit in Somalia.
October Abdullai Yusuf Ahmed, President of the Puntland Regional State, is elected President of Somalia by parliamentarians meeting in Nairobi.
November the new president appoints a prime minister, Ali Mohamed Gedi.
The International Maritime Bureau is concerned about the significant increase since the start of the year in acts of piracy off the coast of Somalia.
May 2005 Visiting Mogadishu, Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Gedi escapes an attack that kills 15 people.

2006[edit | edit source]

February Creation in Mogadishu of an "Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Against Terrorism" (ARPCT) by ministers and warlords supported by the United States.
Somali Transitional Parliament meets in Baidoa, opening its first session in Somalia since returning from exile from Kenya.
March start of violent clashes between warlords grouped in the ARPCT and militiamen from the "Union of Islamic Courts" in Mogadishu.
June after four months of fighting, militias from Islamic courts take Mogadishu. Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys is appointed head of the Council of Islamic Courts.
July Hassan Dahir Aweys calls for a "holy war" against Ethiopia, which supports the transitional government taking refuge in Baidoa.
September 4 Transitional government (TFG) and Islamic courts sign a provisional peace agreement. The African Union adopts a plan for the deployment of an Intergovernmental Development Authority (IGAD) peace force, bringing together seven East African countries.
September 24 Kisimayo, Somalia's third largest city, falls into the hands of Islamist fighters.
November 1 Peace talks between the transitional government and the Islamic courts, which control a third of Somalia, fail.
December 24 Ethiopia officially announces its entry into the war and bombs positions held by Islamic courts.
December 28 Ethiopian troops enter Mogadishu; the fighters of the Islamic Courts flee and fall back on Kisimayo, stronghold of the most radical wing of the movement, the "Chebab".

2007[edit | edit source]

January 1 Islamists flee the port of Kisimayo, the last bastion they controlled, in the face of advancing Ethiopian troops.
January 7 start of a series of American raids in the south of the country against Islamists linked, according to Washington, to Al-Qaida.
February 20 The UN Security Council approves the deployment of an African stabilization force (Amisom) which should ultimately be made up of more than 8,000 men.
March surge of guerrilla warfare in Mogadishu; deployment of the first 370 Ugandan soldiers from Amisom, the African Union force.
Official installation in the capital of the government, until then confined to Baidoa, a city in the center of the country.
April after a truce of a few weeks, fighting resumes in Mogadishu. Ethiopian and government troops drive out Islamist fighters from the northern neighborhoods of the city. According to the UNHCR, the fighting left more than 1,000 civilian victims and 350,000 displaced.
July-August national reconciliation conference, organized by the transitional government (TFG) without the Islamists.
September gathered in Asmara under the leadership of Eritreans, sworn enemies of Ethiopia, opponents of the TFG form an Alliance for a New Liberation of Somalia (ARS).
After four months of a war of harassment, radical Islamists (Chebab) are launching a new offensive on Mogadishu.
October Addis Ababa troops disperse in blood a demonstration composed mainly of women and children protesting against the Ethiopian occupation.
The number of Somalis dependent on humanitarian aid reaches 1.5 million, double that of January; 3 million people are refugees abroad.
November According to the UN special envoy, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, the humanitarian crisis in Somalia is the worst in all of Africa.

2008[edit | edit source]

April violent clashes kill dozens of people in Mogadishu. The embryo of the African Union peacekeeping force (2,600 out of the 8,000 planned) is paralyzed.
Hostage-taking, off Somalia, of a French yacht, the "Ponant".
May 1 an American raid in the north of the country kills dozens of people, including Aden Hashi Farah "Ayro", one of the main Islamist leaders.
June 2 The UN authorizes the use of force against pirates in Somalia.
June 9 a new peace agreement is concluded in Djibouti, under the aegis of the UN, between the interim government and part of the opposition. The hardest fringe (led by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, former leader of the Islamic Courts) which demands the prior departure of Ethiopian troops, rejects this agreement.
August 22 the Islamists retake Kisimayo, the country's second city.
October Three NATO ships begin patrolling the coast of Somalia for an escort and deterrence mission against pirates raging in the region.
October 25 Pirates take control of a Ukrainian ship loaded with weapons.
October 26 the government and the moderate Islamist opposition agree on the entry into force of the ceasefire on November 5 and on the gradual withdrawal by early 2009 of the Ethiopian troops present since 2006.
November 12 Radical Islamists seize the port city of Merka (100 km southwest of Mogadishu), one of the main transit centers for humanitarian aid.
November 15 Somali President Abdullahi Yousouf Ahmed acknowledges that the government controls Mogadishu and Baidoa, but that "the Islamists have taken control of everything else".
November 17 A Saudi supertanker loaded with 2 million barrels of crude falls into the hands of Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean.
December 29 resignation of the transitional president, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. Disowned by the international community, he tried to dismiss Prime Minister Nour Hassan Hussein who intended to integrate "moderate Islamists" into his government in order to isolate the radicals (Chebabs).

2009[edit | edit source]

January 25 Ethiopia announces that it has completed the withdrawal of its troops.
January 26 a new Parliament, enlarged to include moderate Islamists and civil society, is sworn in in Djibouti, where it meets due to insecurity in Mogadishu. At the same time, radical Islamists (Chebabs) claim to have taken the city of Baidoa.
January 30 Sharif Cheikh Ahmed, "moderate Islamist", former head of the Islamic Courts is elected president by the Transitional Parliament.
April 18 establishment of Sharia (Islamic law).
January 31 Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, the leader of the "moderate Islamists", is elected president.
April 23 A donors' conference in Brussels decides to raise $ 213 million to help Somalia rebuild.
May Radical Islamists (Chebab) launch a new offensive on Mogadishu.
June 19 the President of Parliament calls on neighboring countries to intervene militarily to counter the advance of radical Islamists.
July More than 200,000 residents of Mogadishu fled the fighting in two months, says UNHCR.
August Burundi sends an additional battalion to Amisom, increasing the strength of the African Union force to 5,000 men.
September the Chebab pledge allegiance to Al-Qaida.
October the Chebab take control of the port of Kisimayo.
December the Chebab deny being the perpetrators of an attack that claimed the lives of 24 people, including 3 ministers. Hundreds of people demonstrate in Mogadishu to denounce the violence of Islamist insurgents, an unprecedented rally in the warring Somali capital.

2010[edit | edit source]

July The Chebab claim responsibility for an attack that kills 73 in Kampala, Uganda.
August Islamist insurgents launch a vast offensive against government forces and African Union troops (Amisom). On the 25th, the insurgents organized a suicide attack in a hotel in Mogadishu, near the presidential palace. At least 30 people, including six MPs, are killed, as heavy weapons fighting continues in the city.

2011[edit | edit source]

June NGOs alert public opinion to the famine threatening Somalia due to an exceptional drought in the Horn of Africa. In July, the UN calls for emergency aid to cope with the famine. tens of thousands of Somalis take refuge in Ethopia and Kenya.
August the Chebab, who controlled half of the city, leave Mogadishu where 100,000 Somalis have taken refuge fleeing drought and famine.
September-October 4 foreign nationals are kidnapped in Kenya. Nairobi blames the Chebab.
October Kenya launches an offensive in southern Somalia.

Sources[edit | edit source]

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Somalia: 10 Things About Somalia That You Didn't Know!!! - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Somali storytelling: our people, home and landscape - YouTube[edit | edit source]

History of Somalia - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Somali | Next Door Neighbors | NPT - YouTube[edit | edit source]

THIS IS SOMALIA! | SOMALI ENTERPRISE - YouTube[edit | edit source]

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