Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/Formation-and-usage/kk
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Heading level 1[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
In this lesson, we will learn how to use and form the passive voice in Standard Arabic. We will also provide you with cultural information and interesting facts that will allow you to better understand Arabic culture.
Heading level 2: Passive Voice in Standard Arabic[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
In Arabic, the passive voice is commonly used to indicate that the action is performed on the subject, rather than the subject performing the action. For instance, instead of saying "I wrote the book," you would use the passive voice and say "the book was written by me." In order to form the passive voice in Arabic, you need to follow these steps:
- Start by using the preposition "ب" (bi) which means "by" to define the agent of the action.
- Conjugate the verb in the third person singular, and change the last letter from "a" to "u".
- Attach the personal pronoun to the verb.
Let's take a look at an example:
| Standard Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| الكتاب كُتِبَ بِـي | alkitab kutiba biya | The book was written by me |
| الباب فُتِح بِـهِ | albab futiha bihi | The door was opened by him |
As you can see above, the word order in the passive voice can differ from the active voice. The agent of the action is positioned after the verb, while the subject comes before the verb itself.
Heading level 2: Usage[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
The passive voice is used in Arabic to emphasize the object, rather than the subject. It is also used to express disapproval or criticism. For example, if you wanted to say "the cake was burnt," you would use the passive voice to avoid pointing fingers at the person who burnt the cake. Similarly, if you wanted to criticize someone, you could say "mistakes were made," and avoid identifying who made the mistake.
In Arabic, the passive voice is also used to describe past events, especially in historical accounts. For instance, you could say "the city was conquered by the enemy" to describe a historical event. The passive voice would put the focus on the city, and not on the actions of the conqueror.
Another use of the passive voice in Arabic is to describe natural phenomena. For instance, you could say "the sun was rising" to describe a sunny day. The passive voice would put the focus on the sun, rather than on the actions of the observer.
Heading level 2: Cultural information and interesting facts[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
In Arabic, the passive voice is also used in poetry, where it is used to create a sense of mystery or ambiguity. In addition, the passive voice is frequently used in legal documents, where it is used to avoid specifying who is responsible for a certain action.
It is also worth mentioning that the passive voice is used differently in different Arabic dialects. For example, the passive voice in Moroccan Arabic is formed differently than in Egyptian Arabic. Similarly, the passive voice is used more frequently in some dialects than in others.
Finally, it is interesting to note that Arabic is not the only language that uses the passive voice. Other languages, such as English, also use the passive voice to put emphasis on the object, or to create a sense of ambiguity.
Heading level 1[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
In conclusion, the passive voice is an essential feature of Standard Arabic, and is used to describe events, create ambiguity, and avoid pointing fingers. We hope that this lesson has been useful to you, and that you can now form and use the passive voice in Arabic with confidence. Good luck!